Ancient India 2
Terms
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- Subcontinent
- Large landmas that juts out from a continent
- Plateau
- raised area of level land
- Monsoon
- a seasonal wind
- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
- Twin cities
- Veneration
- special regard for
- Aryan Civilization
- Most of what we know about them comes from The Vedas, a collection of prayers
- The Vedas
- Shows Aryans as warriors who fought in chariots w/ bows and arrows
- Aryan Society
- Aryans dived people by occupation
- Why is Harappa such a mysterious civilization?
- B/c we can not decode their writing.
- Three basic groups of Aryans
-
Brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaisyas - Brahmin
- Priest
- Kshatriyas
- warriors
- Vaisyas
- herders, farmers, artisans, and merchants.
- Harappa's government system
- Was very well organized and structured
- Characteristics of Aryans
-
Nomadic Herders
Fight
Party people - Himalayan Mountains, Hindu Kush, and Indian Ocean
- All provided physical barriers making invasion difficult
- Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass
- provided invasion routes into the Indian subcontinent.
- What were the two most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent?
- The Indus and Ganges Rivers
- Sudras
- servants and landless farmers
- Golden Age of India
- Known for its art and literature
- Two major dynasties of India
- Maurya and Gupta
- Two Emperors of Mauyra Dynasty
-
Changdragupta
Asoka - Golden age
- A period of great cultural achievement
- Changdragupta
- Established the Maurya dynasty
- Asoka
- Grandson of Changdragupta and converted to Buddhism
- Who did Buddhism expand to Asia?
- Asoka sent Buddhist missionaries to spread Buddhism throughout Asia
- Mathematics Achievements of Gupta dynasty
-
1. "Arabic" numerals (1,2,3,4,etc.)
2. Concept of Zero
3. Developed the decimal system - Medical achievements of Gupta dynasty
-
1. Use of herbs
2. Setting bones
3. Vaccinations
4. Simple surgery - Kalidasa
- most famous Indian poet and playwright
- Textiles
- indians were first to turn cotton into thread to be used in bright colors
- Two religions that originiated in India?
- Hinduism and Buddhism
- Hinduism
- Has no single founder
- Sacred Texts of Hinduism
- The Vedas and The Upanishads
- Is Hinduism monotheistic or Polytheistic?
- No one can agree
- What do the SOLs say about Monotheistic or Polytheistic Hinduism?
- "Belief in many forms of one major deity"
- Brahman
- The unchanging, all powerful spiritual force that inhabits all beings (hinduism)
- Atman
- the individual soul - a peice of brahman (hinduism)
- Vishnu
- The preserver (Hinduism)
- Brahma
- The creator (Hinduism)
- Shiva
- The destroyer (Hindu)
- Lakshmi
- Goddess of Wealth and Beauty (Hindu)
- Sarasyati
- Goddess of Art & Beauty (hindu)
- Kali
- Goddess of Death and Destruction (hindu)
- Karma
- All actions of a person's life that will influence the next reincarnation
- Moksha
- Get off the giant cosmic hamster wheel of birth, life, death, birth, life, death, etc.
- Siddartha Gautama
- founder of the Buddhist religion
- Buddha
- the Enlightened one
- The Four Noble Truths
-
1. All life is suffering, pain and sorrow
2. Suffering is caused by desire for things that are illusions
3. to end suffering, end desire
4. To end desire, follow the Eightfold path - Eightfold Path
-
1. Right Views
2. Right aspirations
3. Right speech
4. Right conduct
5. right livelihood
6. right effort
7. right mindfulness
8. right contemplation - Nirvana
- union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth (hindu)
- Stupa
- large dome-shaped shrines that housed the sacred remains of the Buddha or other holy people.