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Parable: A brief and often simplistic narrative that illustrates a moral or religious lesson
Aphorism: A short wise saying
assonance: repetition of same sound in words ex. white stripes
consonance: repetition of final constant sound ex. stoke of luck
malphorism: a pun or play on words
Greek and Hellenistic Period: 8th -2nd B.C. Homer, Illian, Sopholcles, Aristotle, Plato
Roman Classic: 1st b.c to 2 nd 5 a.d. Cicero and Virgil
Renasissance: 12-15th century Dante, Chaucer, Malory
Neo-Classism French: 17th Fontain
Neo-clas English: 17th and 18th Dyden Alexander Swift and Pope
Neo-Class German: 18th and 19th centurey Goethe
Anerican Literature Colonial: 1630-1760 Bradstreet and Hooker
Anerican Literature Revolution: 1760-1787 Jefferson
Anerican Literature Nationalist: 1828-1836 Cooper, Emerson, Irving, Poe, Longfellow
Anerican Literature American Renassaince: 1830-1860 Dickinson, Melville, Whitman, Thoreu
Anerican Literature Modern: 1900-1945 Twain, Frost, London, Elliot, Daisy Miller
Anerican Literature Contempory: 1945- present Miller, Death of a Salesman, Beloved, Updike
Old english: 450-1066 Beowulf
Middle Enlgish: 1066-1550 Chaucer, Mallory,
Elizabethean: 1550-1625 Shakespeare, Bacon, Spenser, Marlowe
Puritan: 1625-1660 Walton, Milton, Bunyon
Neo-Classical: 1660-1780 Dryden, Pepys, Swift
Romantic: 1780-1840 Shelley, Keats, Austin, Byron, Melville, Poe, Hawthorne, Pope
Victorian: 1840-1900 Dickens, tennysons, Hardy, Browning, Bronte, Elliot
Modernism: 1900-1945 Remarques, Yeats
Post-Modern: 1945-on Neitzr, Orweel, Vonneguet,
Phonetics: study of sounds
Phonology: how sounds are organized
Pragmatics: studies meanings in text
Morphology: study of word formation
syntax: sentence structure
semantics: meanings
simple sentence: one independent sentence
compound sentence: 2 or more independent sentences
compound/complex: 2 independent, and one or more dependent sentences
Things Fall Apart: Achebe-Okawano is a wealthy warrior a negerian tribe. Haunted by actions of Unoka, his father.
A Death in The Family: Young Boy Rufus-father jay take a trip to theatre. Jays dad ill. Brother him . Jay died in car accident.
Go Tell it on the Mountain: Baldwin- 14th birthday of John Grimes in Harlem 1935. Flashback to johns parents. spiritual-slave
The Stranger: Albert Camus- Mersauslt, The narrator is a young man living in Algiers. Recieved telegram of mother death. Does not believe in god. thrown in jail
The Awakening: late 1800's Grand Isle summer holiday. New Orleans Edna Pontellier vacationiong with husband Leonce in cottages of Madame Leburn. Husband meets Adele teachers her freedom
Heart of Darkness: Joesph Conrad- Marlow Sailor-jounrey up the congo river with Kurtz
The Last of the mohicans: Cooper- 1750's French indian war. Grips ny French army attacking Fort William. Henry, british soldier, lead by Munro. Hawkeye, Scoury, Chinkok, and Unucos
Red Badge of Courage: Civil War union regment tall soldier jim conklin rumor that they will march. Henry Fleming a recent recruit with regime worries abou his courage. scared, runs, Conklin wounded goes back and fights like a lion. he is a man.
Don Quixote: Middle aged man from LaMoncha in Spain. Rides for great adventure. Gives up food.
Robin Crusoe: Defoe- Englishman from york 17th centure encouaged to go to sea. father wants him to study law. goes anyway, loves it, pirates ship
Crime and Punishment: Dovotsky-radian Roaskiv, a former student lices in run down apartmenet in St. Peterberg. Planning crime meers Meameloc. Kills Aloyna. gers sick everytime someone talks about murder.
As I lay Dying: Addie Byndren ill expected to die soon. build coffin, dies
The Sound of the Fury: 3 compson brothers obsessions with theri sister caddy. Bem, Quintin, and Silsey. Since civil war everything ruined everything.
Lord of the Flies: Plane evacuating school boys from Britian is shot down over island. 2 boys Ralph and Piggy discoer Conch shell on beach signal fire through piggys eyeglasses. Jack is the leader.
Catch 22: WW11 soldier named Yossarin station with airforce on island of Pinosa. Rejects rule of catch 22
Tess of the Dureblvilles: Poor Peddler John Derbyfield is stunned to learn that his is the descendant of an ancient noble family the Unb. Meanwhile tss his older daughter joins the villlage, girls in the fance and she meets mr. durbyfield
A Farewell to arms: Hemmingway- Lt. Fredric Henry young ambumance driver serving in the Italian Army during ww1 is settling. Henry arranges to tour Italy. Meets Catherine Barkley. henry hurt. loves intensifies, pregnent, catherine dies.
Cather in the Rye: Holden Caulfied trement in mental hospital. Pency Prep school pennsylvania, fourth school kicked out of. cathc children as he is about to fall off a cliff.
Animal Farm: Boar gathers animals together tells them dreams of having no human controlling them. he dies, however snowball, napolean, and squeller form plan called aniimalism. mr. jones off land rename property animal farm. Pigs becmome like humans
Guillivers Travels: Swift-Lemuell Gulliver preactical minded englishman trained as a surgeon takes to seas when his buisiness fails, adventures to liliput. there are tiny people put ou with fire by his urine. last yahoos quesions coloniolism
Uncle toms cabin: Stowe- Arthur Shelcy farmer in debt facing losing everything. sells two slaves Mr. Hayley. Uncle tom saves Eva
Adeventures of Huck Finn: Huck gained money with Tom saywer. Pap kidnaps huck beaths the boy akes death. runs meets jim a runaway slave
Pygmalian: Shaw- 2 old gentlemen meet in rain one night at covent gardens. Professor higgins scientist of phonetics and colonel Pickering is a linguist of indian dialect bet on elia doolittle beoming a well spoken duchess
Brave New world: Central London henry foster give tour to group of boys. Bokonsky and Podnasp process which creates thousands of identical embryos. Alpha, Betta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Alpha-leaders
A Portrait of A young artist: James joyce- Stephen Daedules a boy in Ireland at end of 19th century. lives life of art writing not religious, not dedicarted to Catholic. gets prostiture then rdirects himself. wants to be an artist.
To Kill a Mockingbird: Scout Finch lives with bro Jem and widowed father Atheus in Maycomb, Alabama. Suffering Great Depression reasonable well off. Jem, SCout, Dill, tell scary stories look at Radley Place. sneak on property radley shoots robinson sattacks kids saves them .
Babbit: Sinclair Lewis- George Babit at 46 year old real estate broker enjoys all material things yet hates lide 3 kids verona, ted, tinka, and wife myra, lets resisling, hates life, shoots wife, prison, babbit stats affar with Taris. Changes tells tells it okay not to be normal
Crucible: Miller- Salem Mass. girlds danced in forest with black slae Tituba. While dancing they are caught by rev. parris. Witchcraft fills the town. Abigil Willian leader tell nothing going on.
All Quiet on the western front: Paul Baumer young man of 19 fights in German Army on french front in ww1. Paul relaizes patriosm and nationism are cliches live in terror of war.
Portrait of A lady: James- Isable Archer early 20 comes fromfamily in Albany New York in 1860. Mom died dad raised her to be independent. Likes Casper but her intellectual mind and ind. keeps her from persuasding him.
The Bell Jar: Plath- Esther Greenwood college students from Mass. travels to NY to work on magazine for a guest editor. words for jay complicated woman. Guy trues to raper him. Have time of lkide but feels dead. Takes sleeping pills, finally her sanity is okay.
Slaughterhouse 5: Vonneguet- Billy Pilgrim shows up in Issilum NY does well army school just before his caputre life sweeps from beg. to end,. sees his death. goes on talk show asays how he will die.
Antithesis:: opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction.
Transcendentalists: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. Others: The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or sensical, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche (known in Sanskrit as Atman) with the world psyche also known as the Oversoul, life-force, prime mover and God The Transcendentalist movement was a reaction against 18th century rationalism and a manifestation of the general humanitarian trend of 19th century thought. The movement was based on a fundamental belief in the unity of the world and God. The soul of each individual was thought to be identical with the world -- a microcosm of the world itself. The doctrine of self-reliance and individualism developed through the belief in the identification of the individual soul with God
Lolita: The novel has now, however, gained almost universal approval as a brilliant tour de force. Readers find middle-aged narrator and protagonist Humbert Humbert to be both perpetrator and victim of his disastrous obsession with the young Lolita. In his record of his relationship with her, Humbert becomes a complex mixture of mad lecher who "breaks" the life of a young girl and wild romantic who suffers in his pursuit of his unattainable ideal. Donald E. Morton in his book Vladimir Nabokov argues that "what makes Lolita something more than either a case study of sexual perversion or pornographic titillation is the truly shocking fact that Humbert Humbert is a genius who, through the power of his artistry, actually persuades the reader that his memoir is a love story." Nabokov's technical brilliance and beautiful, evocative language help bring this tragic character to life.
To the Lighthouse: Woolf: Instead, it paints a verbal picture of the members of the Ramsay family and their friends. In the first section, the character of Mrs. Ramsay is the lens through which most of the perspectives are focused, and her son's desire to go "to the Lighthouse" is the organizing impetus from which the picture takes shape. In the central section, the Lighthouse stands empty as the narrative marks the passage of time and the death of many of the characters. In the third and final section, with Mrs. Ramsay dead, the remaining family and friends finally get to the Lighthouse, and the novel becomes a meditation on love, loss, and creativity.
Native Son: Richard Wright: Native Son introduces a figure familiar to midtwentieth- century America, the lone man backed into a corner by discrimination and misunderstanding. Frustrated by racism and the limited opportunities afforded black men in society, Bigger strikes out in a futile attempt to transgress the boundaries and limits of his position. He murders Mary Dalton, the only child of a wealthy real estate magnate, by accident. Yet the act of murder gives his life meaning, and the consequent trial and execution are incidental. Bigger Thomas remains a seminal figure in American literature.
A Passage to INdia: Forster's narrative centers on Dr. Aziz, a young Indian physician whose attempt to establish friendships with several British characters has disastrous consequences. In the course of the novel, Dr. Aziz is accused of attempting to rape a young Englishwoman. Aziz's friend Mr. Fielding, a Bntish teacher, helps to defend Aziz. Although the charges against Aziz are dropped during his trial, the gulf between the British and native Indians grows wider than ever, and the novel ends on an ambiguous not
Howards End: As a member of the upper-middle class, Forster had keen insight into its attitudes and social mores, which he expertly rendered in Howards End. His humanistic values and interest in personal relationships inform all of his novels, and are revealed in the major themes of Howards End: connection between the inner and outer life and between people, the future of England, and class conflicts. Howards End has been called a parable; indeed, its symbolism reaches almost mythic proportions at various points in the novel. Although elements of the plot construction have been problematic for some critics, opinion of his character creation and development is almost unanimously given the highest praise. With Margaret Schlegel, Henry Wilcox, Helen Schlegel, and Leonard Bast, Forster created some of the most unforgettable and complex characters in English literature.
The Sun Also Rises: The material for the novel resulted from a journey Hemingway made with his first wife, Hadley Richardson, and several friends to Pamplona, Spain, in 1925. Among them was Lady Duff Twysden, a beautiful socialite with whom Hemingway was in love (the inspiration for the novelâ€™s Lady Brett Ashley). There was also a Jewish novelist and boxer named Harold Loeb (source of Robert Cohn) whom Hemingway threatened after learning that he and Lady Duff had had an affair. Lady Duffâ€™s companion was a bankrupt Briton (like Mike Campbell). The trip ended poorly when Lady Duff and her companion left their bills unpaid. The ending of the novel is only slightly more tragic, yet it recovers those precious values which make life livable in a war-wearied world: friendship, stoicism, and natural grace
A Room With A view: Forster contributes to this transition with his third novel, Room with a View, which he started in 1902 but did not publish until 1908. In this novel, Lucy finds completeness in an ending of unabashed happiness after journeying through a story of textbook comic structure. She has found love, adulthood, and happinessâ€”all things lacking in the beginning. The work celebrates youth, nature, and the comic or Greek spirit with Lucy a light that illuminates a path for both men and women to follow. Lucy, with her husband, takes the best of radical politics and Victorian society and makes a place of equanimity.
The Adventures of Augie March: Saul Bellow: Augie himself is, of course, the lead. Larky, curious, experimental, free, he is the ideal protagonist for such a long picaresque novel. He touches all sides. Because he is open to all kinds of experience, he communicates a picture of modern America as wide and diverse almost as life itself. But he is also interesting in his own right. Despite his apparent passivity, Augie holds hard to certain deep beliefs. He is on the side of life and people; he will never give up. ...
Candide: volataire: Candide parodies the philosophy of optimism put forth by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz. This philosophy states that since God created the world and God is perfect, everything in the world is ultimately perfect. Voltaire had already attacked this philosophy of optimism in his poem on the 1756 Lisbon earthquake. Rousseau answered the poem with a letter, which was leaked to the press, saying it was Voltaire who was mistaken. Voltaire answered back three years later with the tale of Candide. The tale is a fantastic picaresque journey that takes Candide around the world. After he and his friends are killed, they are brought back to life; first rich, then poor; and finally, they wind up on a farm in Turkey.
Death of A Salesman: Arthur Miller: Through his main character, Willy Loman, Miller examines the myth of the American Dream and the shallow promise of happiness through material wealth. He uses Willy as an example of how undivided faith in such a dream can often yield tragic results, especially when it goes largely unfulfilled. Audiences have continued to respond to this theme because, in some incarnation, the American Dream has persisted; a viewer can watch Death of a Salesman and relate Willy's situation to their own compromised ideals and missed opportunities. More than a cautionary tale, however, Miller's work is also revered for its bold realism and riveting theatricality, a play that deals in weighty emotional issues without descending to melodrama.
A Dolls House: Ibsen: The controversy centered around Nora's decision to abandon her children, and in the second ending, she decides that the children need her more than she needs her freedom. Ibsen believed that women were best suited to be mothers and wives, but at the same time, he had an eye for injustice, and Helmer's demeaning treatment of Nora was a common problem. Although he would later be embraced by feminists, Ibsen was no champion of women's rights; he only dealt with the problem of women's rights as a facet of the realism within his play. His intention was not to solve this issue but to illuminate it. Although Ibsen's depiction of Nora realistically illustrates the issues facing women, his decision in Act III to have her abandon her marriage and children was lambasted by critics as unrealistic, since according to them, no "real" woman would ever make that choice.
Waiting for Godot: Two men, Vladimir and Estragon, meet near a tree. They converse on various topics and reveal that they are waiting there for a man named Godot. While they wait, two other men enter. Pozzo is on his way to the market to sell his slave, Lucky. He pauses for a while to converse with Vladimir and Estragon. Lucky entertains them by dancing and thinking, and Pozzo and Lucky leave. After Pozzo and Lucky leave, a boy enters and tells Vladimir that he is a messenger from Godot. He tells Vladimir that Godot will not be coming tonight, but that he will surely come tomorrow. Vladimir asks him some questions about Godot and the boy departs. After his departure, Vladimir and Estragon decide to leave, but they do not move as the curtain falls. The next night, Vladimir and Estragon again meet near the tree to wait for Godot. Lucky and Pozzo enter again, but this time Pozzo is blind and Lucky is dumb. Pozzo does not remember meeting the two men the night before. They leave and Vladimir and Estragon continue to wait. Shortly after, the boy enters and once again tells Vladimir that Godot will not be coming. He insists that he did not speak to Vladimir yesterday. After he leaves, Estragon and Vladimir decide to leave, but again they do not move as the curtain falls, ending the play.
Hamlet: This drama is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. The themes of the plot cover indecision, revenge and retribution, deception, ambition, loyalty and fate. Prince Hamlet mourns both his father's death and his mother, Queen Gertrude's remarriage to Claudius. The ghost of Hamlet's father appears to him and tells him that Claudius has poisoned him. Hamlet swears revenge. He kills the eavesdropping Polonius, the court chamberlain. Polonius's son Laertes returns to Denmark to avenge his father's death. Polonius's daughter Ophelia loves the Prince but his behaviour drives her to madness. Ophelia dies by drowning. A duel takes place and ends with the death of Gertrude, Laertes, Claudius, and Hamlet.
King Lear: Lear, an aging pagan king of ancient Briton, seeks to divide his kingdom among his daughters and their suitors according to a test of how well they can express their love in words. Cordelia, famously unable "to speak and purpose not," tells the unadorned truth about her love and Lear furiously disowns her, giving all to the rhetorically sophisticated, unprincipled, Regan and Goneril, and their husbands, the equally treacherous Duke of Cornwall and the more noble Duke of Albany. They quickly run afoul of Lear's savage temper and eject him from court to wander the heath in a storm with the Fool as his courtier. Meanwhile, Gloucester's illegitimate son, Edmund, launches a coup by convincing his father that legitimate son, Edgar, seeks to murder him. The wrong boy is banished, and Edmund joins the daughters by turning in his own father as a "traitor" and secretly courting both women, despite their "marriages." Kent and Gloucester try to serve Lear, but Lear's mad insistence upon his patriarchal authority and the sisters' tyrannical government make Lear's service deadly. Gloucester, too, suffers from the "Father's Syndrome," and he learns only through incredible pain and suffering to express the humility which all humans owe each other in an uncaring and violent universe. Things do not end well, but hey, it's a tragedy! Your job is figure out why Shakespeare, at the peak of his career, feels it imperative that James I, the court, the citizens of London and all Great Britain, and you should witness it. If you get the right answer, it could save your life.
Twelfth Night: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. Viola, cross dresses and takes the man's name of Cesario. Viola enters the service of the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. Orsino longs for the love of a neighbouring countess. Viola (Cesario) then falls in love with Orsino. To add to the farce Viola's (Cesario) identical twin, Sebastian arrives on the scene. Living in Oliviaâ€™s household is her uncle, Sir Toby Belch, a merry character. The steward of the household is the conceited Malvolio.The plot illustrates jealousy, mistaken Identity, cross-dressing and features fights and duels. In the end Sebastian and Olivia fall in love and marry. Orsino realises that it is Viola that he loves and she agrees to marry him. Sir Toby Belch and Maria also decide to marry! Twelfth Night ends and everyone, except Malvolio, is happy and Shakespeare speaks of the madness of love
The Tempest: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The themes illustrated in the play are freedom, friendship , repentance and forgiveness and feature different temperaments illustrating temperance and intemperance. The plot starts when King Alonso of Naples and his entourage sail home for Italy after attending his daughter's wedding in Tunis, Africa. They encounter a violent storm, or Tempest. Everyone jumps overboard and are washed ashore on a strange island inhabited by the magician Prospero who has deliberately conjured up the storm. Prospero and Miranda live in a cave on the island which is also inhabited by Ariel, a sprite who carries out the bidding of Prospero, and the ugly, half human Caliban. Various plots against the main characters fail thanks to the magic of Prospero. The play ends with all the plotters repenting the Tempest is calmed.
Romeo and Juliet: This drama is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. The famous story of the "star-crossed" young lovers Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. The themes running through the play address the issues of the consequences of immature blind passion, hatred and prejudice.Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet are young teenagers who fall deeply in love but their families are bitter enemies. Regardless of the feud between their families they marry in secret. They make every effort to conceal their actions but the story ends in tragedy when Romeo, Juliet, Tybalt, Mercutio and Paris all die.
Macbeth: This drama is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. The themes illustrated in the play include ambition, fate, deception and treachery. Three witches decide to confront the great Scottish general Macbeth on his victorious return from a war between Scotland and Norway. The Scottish king, Duncan, decides that he will confer the title of the traitorous Cawdor on the heroic Macbeth. Macbeth, and another General called Banquo, happen upon the three witches. The witches predict that he will one day become king. He decides that he will murder Duncan. Macbeth's wife agrees to his plan. He then murders Duncan assisted by his wife who smears the blood of Duncan on the daggers of the sleeping guards. A nobleman called Macduff discovers the body. Macbeth kills the guards insisting that their daggers smeared with Duncan's blood are proof that they committed the murder. The crown passes to Macbeth. More murders ensue and the bloodied ghost of Banquo appears to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth's conscience now begins to torture her and she imagines that she can see her hands covered with blood. She commits suicide. Macduff kills Macbeth and becomes king.
Othello: This drama is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. Othello is a highly esteemed general in the service of Venice. Iago is Othello's ambitious friend. Othello promotes the Michael Cassio to the position of personal lieutenant and Iago is deadly jealous. Iago begins an evil and malicious campaign against the hero. Othello elopes with Desdemona but Iago starts to plot against them. Othello becomes jealous and suspicious of Desdemona. He confides in Iago that he plans to poison Desdemona. Plots and murders ensue and Othello returns to the castle to kill his innocent wife. He eventually smothers her to death. Emilia tells Othello the truth about the scheming Iago. Othello wounds Iago, then kills himself. Iago kills Emilia.
All wells that ends well: The play's central romantic figures are a young nobleman called Bertram and an orphaned commoner called Helena. The play is about the problems with their relationship and romance which are due to their different backgrounds and that it is at first a one sided affair with Helena falling in love with Bertram. Being a comedy, (although it has serious undercurrents), Bertram comes around and All's Well does indeed End Well as the title of the play says.
AS you Like it: As You Like It is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The heroine, Rosalind, is one of his most inspiring characters and has more lines than any of Shakespeare's female characters. Rosalind, the daughter of a banished duke falls in love with Orlando the disinherited son of one of the duke's friends. When she is banished from the court by her usurping uncle, Duke Frederick , Rosalind takes on the appearance of a boy calling herself Ganymede. She travels with her cousin Celia and the jester Touchstone to the Forest of Arden, where her father and his friends live in exile. Themes about life and love, including aging, the natural world, and death are included in the play. New friends are made and families are reunited. By the end of the play Ganymede, once again Rosalind, marries Orlando. Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, Silvius and Phebe, and Touchstone and Audrey all are married in the final scene. Oliver becomes a gentler, kinder young man so the Duke changes his ways and turns to religion and so that the exiled Duke, father of Rosalind, can rule once again. Act II, Scene 7 features a great soliloquy by William Shakespeare which begins: "All the world's a stage And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages..." As You Like It is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The heroine, Rosalind, is one of his most inspiring characters and has more lines than any of Shakespeare's female characters. Rosalind, the daughter of a banished duke falls in love with Orlando the disinherited son of one of the duke's friends. When she is banished from the court by her usurping uncle, Duke Frederick , Rosalind takes on the appearance of a boy calling herself Ganymede. She travels with her cousin Celia and the jester Touchstone to the Forest of Arden, where her father and his friends live in exile. Themes about life and love, including aging, the natural world, and death are included in the play. New friends are made and families are reunited. By the end of the play Ganymede, once again Rosalind, marries Orlando. Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, Silvius and Phebe, and Touchstone and Audrey all are married in the final scene. Oliver becomes a gentler, kinder young man so the Duke changes his ways and turns to religion and so that the exiled Duke, father of Rosalind, can rule once again. Act II, Scene 7 features a great soliloquy by William Shakespeare which begins: "All the world's a stage And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages..."
Merchant of Venice: This drama is one of the great plays, classified as a comedy, by William Shakespeare. The plot involves a Shylock, a greedy Jewish money-lender. Shylock, has lost his beloved daughter when she elopes with a man who belongs to a virulently anti-Semitic society. Shylock seeks a literal 'pound of flesh' from the Merchant of Venice - Antonio when he fails to pay the debt. Portia, defends Antonio from Shylock's legal suit. Shylock ends by renouncing his faith and his fortune.
Taming of the Shrew: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The play starts with the Induction where a trick is played by a nobleman on the drunkard Christopher Sly who arranges for an acting troupe to perform a play called The Taming of the Shrew... The beautiful and gentle Bianca has no shortage of admirers (Lucentio, Gremio and Hortensio) but her father insists that she will not marry until her shrewish sister, Katharina, is betrothed. Bianca's suitors persuade fortune-seeker Petruchio to court her. The suitors pay for any costs involved and there is also the goal of Katharina's dowry. Petruchio marries Katharina and he carries Katharina off to his country house with his servant Grumio. Petruchio intends to browbeat Katharina into submission and he denies her food, sleep and her new clothes, whilst continuously singing her praises. Katharina is tamed. They return to Padua where Lucentio has won Bianca. At a banquet they wager on who has the most obedient wife. Each wife is issued with commands but only Katharina obeys and promptly lectures everyone on the importance of wifely submission.
A Midsummers night: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The play revolves around the adventures of four young lovers, a group of amateur actors and their interactions with the fairies who inhabit a moonlit forest. The story takes place in Midsummer and is a complex farce featuring Hermia & Lysander and Helena & Demetrius. Their romantic intrigues are confused and complicated still further by entering the forest where Oberon, the King of the Fairies and his Queen, Titania, preside. Puck (or Robin Goodfellow) is a major character who is full of mischief and tricks. Other visitors to the enchanted forest include Bottom the weaver and his friends Snug, Snout, Quince and Flute the amateur dramatists who want to rehearse their terrible but hilarious version of the play Pyramus and Thisbe.
Muchado about nothing: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The play revolves around two pairs of lovers, Beatrice and Benedick and Claudio and Hero. The main plot of the play revolves around obstacles to the union of the two young lovers - Claudio and Hero. The love-hate relationship of Beatrice and Benedick features the "merry war" of the sexes. Benedick thinks he hates Beatrice but really loves her and Beatrice who thinks she hates Benedick but really loves him.
Merry Wives of Windsor: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The themes of the play include love and marriage, jealousy and revenge, class and wealth. Sir John Falstaff first deceives the wives. The wives, Mrs. Ford and Mistress Quickly and then deceive Falstaff. Falstaff gets into trouble because he is insincere, pretending to be in love when all he is really interested in is money. The ladies turn the tables on Falstaff, and he gets his just desserts in the end. Falstaff is one of the most popular of all the characters devised by William Shakespeare.
Comedy of Errors: This drama is one of the great comedy plays by William Shakespeare. The Comedy of Errors relies heavily on mix-ups and witty dialogue. The characters include two sets of twins, Antipholus of Ephesus and Antipholus of Syracuse and Dromio of Ephesus and Dromio of Syracuse. Dromio of Ephesus is the slave of Antipholus of Ephesus, and Dromio of Syracuse is the slave of Antipholus of Syracuse. Antipholus of Ephesus is unaware that he has a twin brother, Antipholus of Syracuse. And Dromio of Ephesus is unaware that he also has a twin brother, Dromio of Syracuse. Farcical mix-ups occur when all the twins all meet in Ephesus. The themes of the play are reality, time, coincidence and love.
Measure for Measure: This drama is classified as a comedy play by William Shakespeare. However it is also referred to as a 'problem play', because it cannot be easily described as either a tragedy or comedy. The story of the plot centres on Angelo who has been empowered by the Duke of Vienna to rule his land, whilst he wanders about disguised as a friar to investigate the moral decay of his dukedom. Resorting to an old law against fornication to enforce his strict standards of morality, Angelo proceeds to condemn fornicators to death. One of these fornicators is Claudio , a young man who has had pre-marital sex with his fiancee. Claudio's sister Isabella pleads for her brother's life. Angelo's lust is aroused and he uses his power to blackmail Isabella into his bed. Fortunately the Duke overhears. Angelo ends up in the bed of Mariana , a woman from his undisclosed past. Claudio is allowed to live happily ever after with his fiancee, and the virtuous Isabella ends up the Duke of Vienna's bride.
Naturalism: Naturalism was a movement in literature, which developed out of Realism. Emile Zola was the founder of the school. Other writers were: Guy de Maupassant, Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, James T. Farrel, Henrik Ibsen, Gerhart Hauptmann, and Maxim Gorky.Naturalism is an American literary movement. In general, the concept is one in which everything belongs to nature, is "natural." Naturalist writers include: Theodore Dreiser, Jack London, Stephen Crane, Ellen Glasgow, and Edith Wharton. The primary goal of the late nineteenth-century American Naturalists was not to demonstrate the overwhelming and oppressive reality of the material forces present in our lives. Their attempt, rather, was to represent the intermingling in life of controlling forces and individual worth.
Realism: Henry James William Dean Howells Mark Twain realism, in literature, an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity. Although realism is not limited to any one century or group of writers, it is most often associated with the literary movement in 19th-century France, specifically with the French novelists Flaubert and Balzac. George Eliot introduced realism into England, and William Dean Howells introduced it into the United States. Realism has been chiefly concerned with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle and lower classes, where character is a product of social factors and environment is the integral element in the dramatic complications (see naturalism). In the drama, realism is most closely associated with Ibsen's social plays. Later writers felt that realism laid too much emphasis on external reality. Many, notably Henry James, turned to a psychological realism that closely examined the complex workings of the mind (see stream of consciousness).
Romantics: Romantics Ralph Waldo Emerson Characteristics of American romanticism in the first twenty years of the 19th century: reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."
Metaphysical: Poetry concerned with the whole experience of man; to include, love, God, pleasure, learning, and art. Andrew Marvell, George Herbert, and John Donne
Transcendatilism: Literary movement asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.
sonnett: A lyric poem of 14 lines; usually follows one of several conventional ryhme schemes.
Anthropomorphism: Where animals or inanimate objects are portrayed in a story as people, such as by walking, talking... (incorrectly called personification)
creative license: Exaggeration or alteration of objective facts or reality, for purpose of enhancing meaning in fictional context.
dramatic irony: Where audience (or reader) is aware of something important, of which the characters in the story are not aware.
Foil: A character meant to represent values, ideas, etc. directly and diametrically opposed to those of another character, (usually the protagonist)
Iambic Pentameter: A poetic meter wherein each line contains 10 syllables, such as 5 repetitions of a 2syllable pattern in which the emphasis is on second syllable
situational irony: Something unexpected happens- seems absurd or mocking opposition to expected or appropriate outcome. (coincidence or suprise not generally included)
verbal irony: Where meaning of specific expression is, or is intended, the exact opposite of what the words literally mean.
problem-solution: a text stucture in expository text; terminology that can be used in mapping the plot of narrative text
prose: any writing in paragraph form
rising action: in a story or novel, characters face or try to solve a problem; conflicts rise and build as the story progresses
pathos: emotional appeal or proof, a rhetorical/persuasive technique that uses emotions to appeal to audiences
citing authority: a persuasive technique which mentions an important event or person to lend importance or credibility to the argument
glittering gerneralities: a persuasive thechnique that uses positive words or phrases with a "feel-good" quality to leave a nice impression without making any guarantee
falling action: the story examines the consequences of the climax and the tension fades
denotation: The literal definition of a word independent of any emotional association or secondary meaning
direct characterization: Obvious statements or descriptions of a character and their traits
dynamic character: A character that changes or grows in a drama or work of literature
ethos: Ethical proof, A persuasive/rhetorical technique that is formed from the author's attitude and character toward his audience;his credibility
Harlem Ren: literary and intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural indentity in the 1920s and 1930s. Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Zora Neale Hurston.
British Romantics: British literature and culture from roughly 1789 to 1832. Thomas Paine, Mary Wollstonecraft, Edmund Burke, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelly, John Keats, and Thomas DeQuincey.
Willa Cather: My Antonia
syntatic knowledge: Learners becoming familiar with the patterns of word order or grammar use to predict unfamiliar words and to read with greater fluency.
pragmatic knowledge: When learners understand that people use language differently in different contexts.
metacognition: Thinking about thinking"
A rose for emily -symbolism -Chronology -adj -Characters: william faulkner
henry longfellow: Fireside Poet who wrote "Paul Revere's Rid" "Hiawatha" "Courtship of Miles Standish"
H.G wells: War of the worlds, Island Of Doc Monreau
ken kessey: One flew over the cuckoos nest, Sometimes a great Notion
Albert Camus: The Plague
Existentalism: philosophy valuing human freedom and personal responsibility: Sartre, Kierkegaard, Camus, Nietzsche, Kafka, Beauvoir
scaffolding: is a metaphoric term used by Vygotsky to show how parents and teachers provide temporary assistance to children/students by modeling appropriate behavior or skills. In the classroom, teachers model or demonstrate specific strategies and gradually shift the responsibility to the student to demonstrate.
schemata: a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are three types of schemataâ€™s, content, language, and textual. 1.) Content Schemata - includes systems of factual knowledge, values, and cultural conventions. 2.) Language Schemata - includes sentence structure, grammatical inflections, spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and cohesive structures. 3.)Textual Schemata - includes the rhetorical structure of different modes of text, (i.e., recipes, fairy tales, research papers, and science textbooks).
origin of english: "West Germanic --> Anglo Saxon --> English *borrowed many words/roots from elsewhere"
David Mamet: Olenno American Buffalo
August Wilson: The Piano Lesson
Eugene O'neil: Long Days journeys into night
edward albee: who's afraid of virginia woolf
lillian helmer: the childrens hour
william gibson: the miracle worker
william woodswroth: love, nature, lyrical
Virgina Woolf: Feminist 1882-1941 To the lighthouse ms. dalloway
Polysemous: words that have multiple meaning
root: A form of a word after the affixes are removed
Bound Morpheme: A morpheme which never occues alone but is attached to other morphemes. Ex. kindness, unlikley
Homographs: bear, bear
homonym-different meanring: bat, bat, bat
homophones: words that sound alike, but have different spellings and meaning there they're their
morpheme: the smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function sheep-dog-s
cognate: words that have the same linguisic root or orgin
orthograpghy: the art of writing words with proper letters according to standard usuage. the representation of sounds of a lnaguage by written or printed symbols language and spelling usually arises as methods of communication between groups that have no language in common.
adjective clause: modifies noun- that! the cookies that i made...
Predicate nominative: places describes my apartment, follows linking verb is. ex. my apartment is a place that is small and cheap.
noun clause: begins with what, follows is. ex. running on pavement is what my doctors told me not to do.

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Deck Info

Number of cards 156

Created By kt_nowacki