test 1, chapter 4
Terms
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- battle of chaeronea
- philip/macedonia won after an attack from the athenians and other smaller city states
- ptolemy II
- leader of the egypt, one of the four kingdoms
- what two things did alexander keep under his pillow
- dagger and the illiad
- epicureanism
- founded by epicurus; said the universe ran on its own, gods did not play an active role, happiness was the goal and the pursuit of pleasure
- Theocritus
- wrote "little poems" or idylls dealing with erotic themes, lovers' complaints, and above all, pastoral themes expressing his love of nature and his appreciation of nature's beauty
- pergamum
- home of attalids; western asia minor; invited the romans to help them against the seleucids
- judas maccabaeus
- led a jewish uprising after antiochus seized the temple
- alexander the great
- son of philip II; conquered persian and into india and egypt; died young 32
- syncretism
- same deities with different names
- celts
- people in germany and france who attacked the four kingdoms; attilid of pergamum invited them to help but they stayed after it was over
- Archimeds
- most famous of the scientist of the hellenistic period; work on geometry of spheres and cylinder, established mathematical constant for pi, and for creating the science of hydrostatics; inventor
- hellenistic
- greek like
- Aristarchus of Samos
- developed the heliocentric view of the universe
- hegemon
- leader; macedonia over the others or philip over the corinthian league
- Philippics
- a series of orations that portrayed philip as ruthless, deceitful, treaterous, and barbaric and called on the athenians to undertake a struggle against him
- Philip II
- macedonia leader who led them into victories of over greece and organized/unified the city states to fight against greece
- Demosthenes
- orator that delivered the philippics
- four kingdoms
- macedonia, syria, pergamum, egypt
- hanukkah
- the jewish holiday of celebrating the recapturring of the temple
- cult of isis
- one of the most popular mystery cults
- the gandhara buddhist statues
- buddha's with a combined style of indian and hellenistic artistic traditions
- zeno
- produced stoicism
- Menander
- new comedy- plots where simple, and happily ever after
- Laocoon and his sons
- created by three sculptors from rhodes; illustrates and episode from the trojan war when the gods sent serpents into troy to kill the trojan priest laocoon and his sons
- how where the four kingdoms
- militaristic, fight each other, still trade
- darius III
- persian king
- alexandrias
- cities under alexanders rule
- iscorates
- viewed philip as a savior who would unithe the reeks and all together crusade against persia
- Polybius
- the great historian of the hellenistic age
- battle of issus
- alexander took over and became pharaoh
- mystery cults
- secrete initiations and promises of individual salvation; more emotional rather than before when they were ritualistic
- battle of gaugamela
- alexander became king of persia; took all persia's riches
- diaspora
- the move from israel to egypt after a drought
- gymnasium
- state sponsored school
- Antiochus IV
- king of seleucids; imposed more cultural and religious unity in judaea
- Euclid
- Elements- the systematic organization of the fundamental element of geometry as they had already been worked out
- battle of hydaspes
- alexander won, but wanted to continue conquering but his soldiers rebeled so he agreed with them and went home
- Cleopatra VII
- last of the egyptian empire; romans took control
- Stoicism
- most popular philosophy of this age; how individual finds happiness, the supreme good could only be found in virrtue , which meant living in harmony in divine will
- seleucids
- biggest of the four kingdoms; wanted to take over the other two
- macedonia
- northern greece; gained strength when other greec city states were fighting; tribe not city states; not considered part of greece