Boards:Pharm, Autonomic
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
bethanecol:
family - cholinomimetics, direct agonist
-
bethanecol:
clinical applications - Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
-
bethanecol:
Action -
used to stimulate smooth muscle motor activity of urinary tract to prevent urine retention
activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle -
Carbachol:
name and family - cholinomimetics, Pilocarpine
- Carbachol:clinical application
- glaucoma
- Carbachol:Action
-
Activates cilliary muscle of eye (opens angle)
activates pupillary sphincter (narrow angle) -
Neostigmine:
family, type, - cholinomimetic, anticholinesterase, indirect agonists
- Neostigmine:clinical applications
-
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
myasthenia gravis
reversal of NMJ blockade (postoperatively) -
Neostigmine:
Action - increases endogenous Ach
-
Name the antocholinesterases
action? -
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium, Physostigmine, echothiophate
indirect agonist, cholinomimetics -
Pyridostigmine:
clinical applications - Myasthenia gravis
- Pyridostigmine:Action
- increases endogenous Ach
- Pyridostigmine: family
- anticholinesterases, indirect agonist
- Edrophonium: clinical application
-
diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
extremely short acting - Edrophonium: action
- increases endogenous Ach
- Physostigmine: clinical application
-
Glaucoma: crosses BBB into CNS
atropine overdose - Physostigmine: Action
- increases endogenous Ach
- Echothiophate: clinical application
- Glaucoma
- Echothiophate: Action
- Increases endogenous Ach
-
Cholinesterase inhibitors:
name them
sx for poisoning -
DUMBBLESS
Diahrrea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation - Cholinesterase inhibitors: Antidote for poisoning
- Atropine (muscarinis antagonist) and pralidoxime (chemical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)
- Muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockers: name them
- atropine (homatropine, tropicamide), benztropine, scopolamine, Ipratropium
-
benzatropine
family
effects which organ system
application -
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blocker
CNS
Parkinsons dz -
Scopolamine
family
effects which organ system
application -
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blocker
CNS
motion sickness -
Ipratropium
family
effects which organ
application -
muscarinic cholinoreceptor blocker
respiratory
Asthma, COPD -
Atropine:
family - muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockers
- Atropine:organ system that it effects
- eye, airway, stomach, gut, bladder
-
Atropine:effects
eye - increases pupil dilation, cycloplegia
- Atropine:effects airway
- decreases secretions
- Atropine:effects stomach
- decreases acid secretions
- Atropine:effects gut
- motility
- Atropine:effects bladder
- decreased urgency in cystitis
- Atropine: Toxicity
- increased: body temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry, flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
- Atropine: effects
- blocks SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation
- hexamethonium: what is it?
- nicotinic Ach receptor antagonist
- hexamethonium: mechanism
- Nicotinic Ach nicotnic receptor antagonist
- Hexamethonium: clinical use
-
Block ganglion
used in experimental models to prevent vagal reflex response to changes in blood pressure
ie) prevents reflex bradycardia caused by NE - Sympathomimetics: name them
-
Catecholamines (Epi, NE, Isoproteronol, dopamine, dobutamine)
Amphetamine, Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Albuterol (terbutaline), Cocaine, Clonidine (a-methyldopa) -
Epinephrine:
family
mechanism/selectivity -
catecholamine/sympathomimetic
direct general agonist to A1, A2, B1, B2 -
epinephrine:
family
application -
catecholamine/sympathomimetic
anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension -
Norepinephrine:
family
mechanism -
sympathomimetic/catecholamine
direct general agonist against A1, A2, B1 - Norepinephrine: Application
- Hypotension with decreased renal perfusion
- Isoproterenol: family
- cats/sympathomimetics
- Isoproterenol: mechanism/selectivity
- B1=B2
- Isoproterenol:Applications
- AV block (rare)
- Dopamine: family,
- cats/sympathomimetics
- Dopamine: Mechanism/selectivity
- D1=D2>B>A
- Dopamine: application
- Shock (increased renal perfusion), heart failure
- Dobutamine: family
- cats/sympathomimetics
- Dobutamine: mechanism/selectivity
- B1>B2
-
Amphetamine:
family
mechanism/selectivity -
cats/sympathomimetics
indirect general agonist
releases stored cats - Amphetamine: applications
- Narcolepsy, obesity, ADD
-
Ephedrine: family
mechanism/selectivity -
ctas/sympathomimetic
indirect general agonist
releases stored cats - ephedrine: application
-
nasal decongestion
urinary incontinence
hypotension -
Phenylephrine:
family
mechanism/selectivity -
cats/sympathomimetics
A1>A2 - Phenylephrine: application
-
pupil dilator
vasoconstriction
nasal decongestion -
Albuterol:
family
mechanism/sensitivity -
terbutaline
cats/sympathomimetics
B2>B1 - Albuterol: applications
- asthma
-
cocaine
family
mechanism/selectivity -
cats/sympathomimetics
indirect general agonist
uptake inhibitor -
cocaine:
application - vasoconstriction and local anesthesia
-
Clonidine:
other name
family
mechanism -
cats/sympathomimetics
a-methyldopa
cetrally acting A-agonist w/ decreased central adrenergic outflow - clonidine: application
- hypertension esp. with renal dz (no decrease in blood flow to kidney)
-
A blockers:name them
nonselective:
A1 selective:
A2 selective-- -
NS: phenoxybenzamine (irreversible), phentolamine(reversible)
A1 selective-prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
A2 selective--mirtzapine -
Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine
family
application -
A blockers (irreversible, reversible)
pheochromocytoma - Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine: toxicity
-
Orhtostatic hypotension
reflex tachycardia -
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
family
application -
A1 selective blockers
Hypertension, urinary retention in BPH -
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin:
Toxicity - 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
-
Mirtzapine
family
clinical application -
A2 selective blocker
Depression - Mirtzapine: toxicity
-
Sedation
increased serum cholesterol
increased appetite - B blockers; name them
-
Anything with -olol
propanolol, metoprolol, atenolol, nadolol, timolol, pindolol, esmolol, labetol - B blockers: effect
-
hypertension: decreased CO, renin secretion
Angina pectoris: dec. HR, contractility, resulting in decreased O2 consumption
MI: B blockers decreaed mortality
SVT: (propranolol,esmolol) dec AV conduction velocity
CHF: slows progression of heart failure
Glaucoma: (timolol) dec secretion of aqueous humor - B blockers: Toxicity
-
Impotence
Exacerbation of asthma
CV effects: bradycardia, AV block, CHF
CNS effects: sedation, sleep alterations
use with caution in diabetics -
B blockers: selectivity
nonselective:
b1 selective -
Nonselective (B1=B2)--propranolol, timolol, pindolol, nadolol, labetalol
Labetol-also blocks A1
B1 selective (B1>B2) "A BEAM" Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol (short acting) Atenolol, Metoprolol -
Glaucoma drugs..
name drugs that are used and effect -
Alpha agonist-epinephrine, brimonidine
beta-blocker--Timolol, betaxol, certelol
Diuretics--Acetazolamide
Cholinomimetics--Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate
Prostaglandin--latanprost - Glaucoma--A agonists: names, MOA, SE
-
Epinephrine-increase outflow of aqueous humor, mydriasis and stinging
Do not use in closed-angle glaucoma
Brimonidine--decrease in aqueous humor synthesis,
SE-no pupillary or vision changes - Glaucoma--B blockers: name, MOA, SE
-
Timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
MOA: decrease aqueous humor secretion
SE: No pupillary or vision changes - Glaucoma: diuretics: Name, MOA, SE
-
Acetazolaminde
MOA-decrease aqueous humor secretion humor dt decreased HCO3 via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
SE: No pupillary or vision changes - Glaucoma: cholinomimetics..Name, MOA, SE
-
Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate
MOA: Increase outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary muscle; open trabecular meshwork
SE: Miosis, cyclospasm -
Glaucoma: Prostaglandin
Name, MOA, SE -
Latanoprost
MOA: increase outflow of Aqueous humor
SE: darkens color of iris (browning)