Vocabulary, Ch3, 16-25
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- adolescent (adj.)
- growing from childhood to adulthood; roughly, of the teenage period.
- adolescent (noun)
- teenager
- antediluvian (adj.)
- antiquated; belonging to the time before the Biblical Flood (when all except Noah and his family perished)
- archaic (adj.)
- no longer used, except in a special context; old-fashioned
- callow (adj.)
- young and inexperienced; unfledged
- contemporary (adj.)
- of the same period or duration
- contemporary (n.)
- person who lives at the same time as another
- crone(noun)
- withered old woman
- decrepit (adj.)
- weakened by old age
- defunct (adj.)
- dead; deceased; extinct
- forebear (noun)
- forefather, ancestor
- hoary (adj.)
-
1. white or gray with age
2. ancient - infantile (adj.)
- of or like an infant or infancy; childish
- inveterate (adj.)
-
1. firmly established by age; deeprooted
2. habitual - juvenile (adj.)
-
1. of or for youth; youthful
2. immature - longevity (noun)
-
1. long life
2. length of life - matriarch (noun)
-
1. mother and ruler of a family
2. highly respected elderly lady - mature (adj.)
-
1. full-grown; ripe
2. carefully thought out - nonage (noun)
- legal minority; period before maturity
- nonagenarian (noun)
- person in his or her 90's (Note also octogenarian, person in the 80's, and septugenaarian, person in the 70's.
- obsolescent (adj.)
- going out of use; becoming obsolete.
- obsolete (adj.)
- no longer in use; out-of-date.
- patriarch (noun)
-
1. venerable old man
2. father and ruler of a family or tribe; founder - posthumous (adj.)
-
1. published after the author's death
2. occurring after death - primeval (adj.)
- pertaining to the world's first ages; primitive.
- primordial (adj.)
-
1. existing at the very beginning
2. elementary; primary; first in order - pristine (adj.)
- in original, long-ago state; uncorrupted
- puberty (noun)
- physical beginning of manhood (at about age 14) or womanhood (at about age 12)
- puerile (adj.)
- foolish for a grown person to say or do; childish.
- senile (adj.)
- showing the weakness of age
- superannuated (adj.)
- retired on a pension; extremely old
- venerable (adj.)
- worthy of respect because of advanced age, achievement, virtue or historical importance.
- veteran (noun)
-
1. person experienced in some occupation, art or profession.
2. ex-member of the armed forces - yore (noun)
- (always preceded by of) long ago
- abstemious (adj.)
- sparing in eating and drinking; temperate; abstinent
- carousal (noun)
- jovial feast; drinking party
- dipsomania (noun)
- abnormal, uncontrollabe craving for alcohol; alcoholism
- inebriated (adj.)
- drunk; intoxicated
- sober (adj.)
-
not drunk; temperate
(antonym - drunk; intoxicated) - sobriety (noun)
- temperance; abstinence
- sot (noun)
- person made foolish by excessive drinking; drunkard
- teetotaler (noun)
-
person who totally abstains from intoxicating beverages
(antonym - dipsomaniac) - bow (noun)
-
forward part of a ship; prow
(antonym - stern) - brine (noun)
-
1. salty water
2. ocean; sea; the deep - doldrums (noun, plural)
-
1. calm, windless part of the ocean near the equator
2. listlessness - flotsam(noun)
- wrckage of a ship or its cargo found floating in the sea; driftage.
- jetsam (noun)
- goods cast overboard to lighten a ship in distress
- jettison (verb)
- throw (goods) overboard to lighten a ship or plane; discard
- leeward (adj.)
-
in the direction away from the wind
(antonym - windward) - marine (adj.)
- of the sea or shipping; nautical; maritime
- mariner (noun)
- sailor; seaman
- starboard (adj.)
-
pertaining to the right-hand side of a ship when you face the bow (forward)
antinym - port - carrion (noun)
- decaying flesh of a carcass
- contaminate (verb)
-
make impure by mixture; pollute
antonym - decontaminate - dross (noun)
- waste; refuse
- expurgate (verb)
- remove objectionable material from a book; bowdlerize; purify
- immaculate (adj.)
- spotless; absolutely clean; pure; faultless
- offal (noun)
- waste parts of a butchered animal; refuse; garbage.
- purge (verb)
- cleanse; purify; rid of undesired element or person.
- slatternly (adj.)
- untidy; dirty from habitual neglect; slovenly
- sloven (noun)
- person habitually untidy, dirty, or careless in dress habits, etc.
- sordid (adj.)
- filthy; vile
- squalid (adj.)
- filthy from neglect; dirty; degraded
- squalor (noun)
- filth; degradation; sordidness
- sully (verb)
- tarnish; besmirch; defile
- adjacent (adj.)
- lying near or next to; bordering; adjoining
- approximate (adj.)
-
nearly correct
(antonym - exact; precise) - contiguous (adj.)
- touching; adjoining
- environs (noun, plural)
- districts surrounding a place; suburbs
- juxtapose (verb)
- put side by side; put close together
- juxtaposition (noun)
- close or side-by-side position
- propinquity (noun)
-
1. kinship
2. nearness of place; proximity - analogy (noun)
- likeness in some respects between things otherwise differnet; similarity; comparison
- arbitrary (adj.)
-
autocratic; despotic; tyrannical; proceeding from a whim or fancy
(antonym - legitimate) - arbitrate (verb)
-
1. decide a dispute, acting as an arbiter or arbitrator
2. submit a dispute to arbitration - axiom (noun)
- self-evident truth; maxim
- axiomatic (adj.)
- self-evident; universally accepted as true
- bias (noun)
- opinion formed before there are grounds for it; prejudice; predilection; partiality
- bigoted (adj.)
- intolerant; narrow-minded
- bigotry (noun)
- views or behavior of a buigot (one intolerantly devoted to one's own beliefs and prejudices); narrow-mindedness; intolerance
- cogitate (noun)
- think over; consider with care; ponder.
- criterion (noun)
- standard; ruleor test for judging (plural - criteria)
- crux (noun)
- most important point; essential part
- deduce (noun)
- derive be reasoning; infer
- dilemma (noun)
- situation requiring a choice between two equally bad altenatives; predictament
- dogmatic (adj.)
- asserting opinions as if they were facts; opinionated; asserted without proof
- eclectic (adj.)
- choosing (ideas, methods, etc. ) from various sources
- fallacious (adj.)
-
based on a fallacy (erroneous idea); misleading; deceptive
(antonym - sound; valid) - fallible (adj.)
-
liable to be mistaken
(antonym - infallible) - heterodox (adj.)
-
rejecting regularly accepted beliefs or doctrines; heretical; nonconformist
(antonym - orthodox) - hypothetical (adj.)
- supposed; having the characteristics of a hypothesis, a suppossition made as a basis for reasoning or research. (If supported by considerable evidence, a hypothesis becomes a theory, and eventually, if no exceptions are found, a law.)
- illusion (noun)
- misleading appearance; false impression; misconception
- indubitable (adj.)
-
certain, incontrovertible; indisputable
(antonym - questionable; doubtful) - orthodox (adj.)
-
generally accepted, especially in religion; conventional; approved
(antonym - heterodox; unorthodox) - paradoxical (adj.)
- having the characteristics of a paradox (a self-contradictory statement which may nevertheless be true)
- plausible (adj.)
- superficially true or reasonable; apparently trustworthy
- preposterous (adj.)
- senseless; absurd; irrational
- rational (adj.)
-
1. able to think clearly; intelligent; sensible
(antonym - absurd; irrational)
2. based on reason - rationalize (verb)
- invent excuses for one's actions, desires, failures, etc.
- sophistry (noun)
- clever but deceptive reasoning
- specious (adj.)
- apparently reasonable, but not really so
- speculate (verb)
-
1. reflect; meditate; conjecture
2. buy or sell with the hope of profiting by price fluctuations - tenable (adj.)
-
capable of being maintained or defended
antonym - untenable - amorphous (adj.)
- shapeless; having no definite form; unorganized
- concave (adj.)
-
curved inward, creating a hollow space
(antonym - convex) - contour (noun)
- outline of a figure
- distort (verb)
-
1. twist out of shape
2. chenge from the true meaning - malleable (adj.)
-
1. capable of being shaped by hammering, as a metal
2. adaptable - rotund (adj.)
-
1. rounded out; plump
2. full-toned - sinuous (adj.)
- bending in and out; winding; serpentine
- symmetrical (adj.)
-
balanced in arrangement; capable of division by a central line into similar halves
(antonym - asymmetrical) - symmetry (noun)
- balance; harmony
- grave (adj.)
- deserving serious attention; weighty; momentous
- nugatory (adj.)
- of little or no value; trifling; worthless; useless
- paltry (adj.)
- practically worthless; trashy; piddling; petty
- paramount (adj.)
- chief; above others; supreme
- relevant (adj.)
-
bearing upon the matter in hand; pertinent
(antonym - irrelevat; extraneous) - coy (adj.)
- pretending to be shy
- demure (adj.)
-
1. falsely modest or serious; coy
2. grave; prim - diffident (adj.)
-
lacking self-confidence; unduly timid; shy
(antonym - confident) - modest (adj.)
-
not thinking too highly of one's merits; unpretentious; humble
(antonym - ambitious) - modesty (noun)
- freedom from conceit or vanity; unpretentiousness; humility
- staid (adj.)
- of settled, quiet disposition; sedate
- brazen (adj.)
-
1. shameless; impudent
2. made of brass or bronze - egoism (noun)
-
excessive concern for oneself; selfishness; conceit
(antonym - altruism) - ostentatious (adj.)
- done to impress others; showy; pretentious
- overweening (adj.)
- thinking too highly of oneself; arrogant; presumptuous
- pert (adj.)
- too free in speech or action; bold; saucy; impertinent
- vain (adj.)
-
1. conceited; excessively proud or concerned about one;s personal appearance or achievements
2. empty; worhtless
3. futile - vainglorious (adj.)
- excessively proud or boastful; elated by vanity
- vanity (noun)
-
condition of being too vain about one's appearance or achievements; conceit
(antonym - humility)