usmle: micro II
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- what organism is assoc w/ megalobastic anemia
- diphyllobothrium latum
- what is the most serious form of tinea capitis, which results in permanent hair loss and is higly contagious
- tinea favosa
- what are the first intermediate hosts for trematodes
- snails
- what are the four capsular polysaccharides used in the neisseria meningitides vaccine
- Y,W-125, C and A
- what is the only encapsulated fungal pathogen
- cryptococcus
- what type of spore is asexual and formed of hyphae
- conidia
- what is the only plasmodium that is quartan
-
plasmodium malaria
others are tertian -
1. red pigmentation
2. black-gray pigmentation
3. pyocyanin (blue-green)
4. yellow pigmentation -
1. serratia
2. corynebacterium diphtheria
3. pseudomonas
4. staph a - what capsular serotype is assoc w/ e.coli-induced meningitis
- K1 capsule
- what two Ags must be pos for a patient to have chronic active hepatitis
-
HBsAG
HBeAG -
t or f
all strep are catalase neg - t
- in what trimester is the fetus most vulnerable to congenital rubella syndrome
- first trimester
- what virus causes hoof and mouth disease
- vesicular stomatitis virus
- which gram neg diplococcus growns on chocolate agar? thayer martin medium?
-
meningococcus on chocolate
gonococcus on Thayer-Martin -
which protozoal parasitic vaginal infection produces a pos whiff test with KOH staining?
tx? -
trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole - what fungus is urease pos
- cryptococcus
- what bacterium has large boxcar shaped gram pos rods and is sporeforming, aerboic, and assoc with cutaneous inf and woolsorter's disease
- bacillus anthracis
- is the salk polio vaccine inactivated
- yes
-
t or f
all neg sense RNA viruses are enveloped -
t
they all have helical nucleocapsids and virion-assoc polymerases - what urease-pos non-lactose fermenting gram neg rod with swarming type motility is assoc with staghorn renal calculi
- proteus
- with what two viruses are Reye's syndrome asssoc
-
varicella
influenza - which organism releases endotoxins prior to cell death
- neisseria meningitidis
- clue cells are assoc with which organism that causes vaginal discharge
- gardnrella vaginalis
- what is the name of the bullet-shaped virus
- rhabdovirus
- what fungus is characterized by india ink staining of the CSF that produces colorless cells with a halo on a black background
- cryptococcus neoformans
- what does hepatitis D virus need from hep B virus to be infective
- HBsAG as its envelope
- which type of hep is a calicivirus
- HEV
- what genus is kown as the smallest free living bacteria
- mycoplasma
- what three organs can be affected by trypanosoma cruzi
-
heart esophagus colon
-cardiomegaly
megaesophagus
megacolon - which serotypes of HPV are assoc with plantar warts
- 1 and 4
- what facultative gram neg anaerobic rod is motile, fermetns lactose, and is the MCC of UTIs
- e. coli
- what is the only ds RNA virus
- reovirus
- what are the four segmented RNA viruses
-
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus
Reovirus
Arenavirus
(BORA) -
what type of plasmodium affects
1. only mature RBCs
2. ony reticulocytes
3. RBCs of all ages -
1. plasmodium malaria
2. plasmodium vivax
3. plasmodium falciparum - what is the major cell membrane sterol found in fungi
- ergosterol
- what Ab is an indicaction for low transmissibility for hepatitis
- HBeAb
- what is the term for RNA dep DNA pol
- reverse transcriptase
- which gram pos bacteria infection of infancy is assoc w/ ingestion of honey
- clostridium botulinum
- which trematode is assoc with bladder carcinoma in Egypt and AFrica
- schistosoma haematobium
- which encapsulated fungus is found in soil enriched with pigeon droppings
- cryptococcus neorformans
-
what virus lies dormant in the...
1. trigeminal ganglia
2. dorsal root ganglia
3. sensory ganglia of S2 and s3 -
1. herpes I
2. varicella
3. herpes II - what is the name of the exotoxin shigella dysenteriae produces, which interferes with the 60S ribosomal subunit and results in eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibition
-
shiga toxin
EHEC produces vero toxin - what protozoal parasite forms flasked-shaped lesions in the duodenum, is transmitted via fecal oral route, and is commonly seen in campers who drank stream water
-
giardia lamblia
tx metronidazole -
what color do fungi stain w/ PAS?
silver stain? - hot pink w/ PAS and grey to back with silver stain
- a tropical fish enthusiast has granulomatous lesions and cellulitis
- mycobacterium marinum
-
which dimorphic fungus is found as arthroconidia in desert sand of the southwester US
(San Joaquin valley) - coccidioides inmitis
- which mycoplasma spp is assoc w/ urethritis, prostatitis, and renal calculi
- ureaplasma ureatlyticum
- what tick is the vector for babesiosis
-
ixodes
also for Lyme - what is the only DNA virus that does not replicate its DNA in the nucleus of the host cell
- poxvirus replicates in the cytoplasm
- what organism would you suspect in a patient with diarrhea after eating rice
- bacillus cereus
- what small gram neg facultative intracellular rod is transmitted to human host by dermacentor tick bite
- francisella tularensis
-
t or f
cestodes have no GI tract - true
- what neg sense RNA virus is assoc with parotitis, pancreatitis, and orchitis
- mumps
-
what is the size of a pos PPD test for
1. IV drug user
2. patient with AIDS
3. recent immigrant
4. healthy suburban male without any medical illnesses
5. posttransplantation patient on immunosuppressive drugs -
1. >10 mm
2. >5
3. >10
4. >15
5. >5 - what are the only two picornavirus that do not lead to aseptic meningitis
- rhinovirus and HAV
- which cestode in raw or rare beef containing cysticerci results in intestinal tapeworms
- taenia saginata
- what DNA viral diseae is assoc w/ aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia
- parvovirus B19
- what glycoprotein in the HIV virus attaches to CD4
- gp120
- what enterobacteriaceae are prone to produce osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients
- salmonella
- what organism is commonly assoc w/ a cellulitis from an animal bite
- pasteurella mutocida
- what fungus is seen as colored cauliflower lesions
- chromomycosis
- what is the reservoir for the togavirus
- birds
- what are the two exceptions to the rule "all cocci are gram pos"
- both neisseria and moraxella are gram neg
- what nematode isknown as hookworms? what is the tx?
- necator americanus is tx with mebendazole and iron therapy
- what HIV structural gene produces GP120 and GP41
- env structural protein
- which hemoflagellate spp causes kala azar
- leishmania donovani
- what dna virus is assoc w/ heterophile neg mononucleosis
- CMV
- what neg sense RNA virus is assoc with intracytoplasmic inclusion Negri bodies
- rabies
- what large, spore forming gram pos anaerobic rod is assoc with infections due to puncture wounds and trauma
- clostridium tetani
- what is the vector for chagas
- reduviid bug
- what is the polariity of a pos sense RNA
- 5'-3' (it can serve as mRNA)
- what viral infection is associated with black vomit
- yellow fever (flavivirus)
- what encapsulated gramneg lactose fermenting rod is assoc with pneumonia in patients with alcoholism , diabetes, and chronic lung diseaes
- klebsiella
- what is the essntial reservoir host for toxoplasma gondi
- cat
- what gram pos anaerobic rod with branching filaments is a component of the nl flora of the mouth and female gentital tract and is responsible for draining abscesses with sulfur granules in the exudates
- actinomyces israelii
- what is the term for candida infection of the oral mucosa
- thrush
- what is the term for fungi that an convert from hyphal to yeast forms
- dimorphic
- to what viral family does the polio virus belong
- picornaviridae
- name at least three bacteria that use capsules to prevent immediate destruction from the host's defense mechanism
-
streptococcus pneumonia
klebsiella pneumonia
h. influenza
pseudomonas aeruginosa
neisseria meningitidis
cryptococcus neoformans -
t or f
there are no persistent infections with naked virus -
t
they lyse the host cell - what virus is assoc w/ progressive multifocal leukoencephalophaty
- JC virus
- what bacterium is a gram neg oxidase pos aerobic rod that produces a grapelike odoer and pyocyanin pigmentation
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- which three organisms cause heterophilic negative mono
-
CMV
toxoplasma gondii
listeria - what bacterium found in poorly preserved canned food causes flaccid paralysis
- c. botulinum
- which two neg sense RNA viruses ahve neuraminidase enzymes
- mumps and influenza
- what staph a. protein inhibits phagocytosis
- protein A
- which four bacteria require cysteine for growth
-
pasteuralla
brucella
legionella
francisella - what fungus causes endocardidtis in IV drug users
- candida albicans
- what virus are assoc with Cowdry type A intranuclear includsion
- Herpes I and II
- which streptococcal spp is assoc w/ dental caries and infective endocarditis
- strep viridans
- what is the term for cestode-encysted larvae found in intermediate hosts
- cysticerci
-
what fungus is characterized by hypopigmented spots on the thorax, spaghetti and meatball KOH staining, and pityriasis or tinea versicolor
tx? -
malassezia furufur
tx w/ selenium sulfide -
what nematode is known as threadworms?
what is the tx? -
strongyloids stercoralis
thiabendazole - what are kown as jumping genes
- transposons
- which dimorphic fungus is endemic in ohio, mississippi, missouri, and easter great lakes, is found in soil with bird and bat feces, and is assoc w/ infections in spelungers and chicken coop cleanerrs
- histoplasma capsulatum
- which of the following enterobacteriaceae family members- yersina, klebsiella, enterobacter, escherichia, proteus, and citrobacter, do not ferment lactose?
- all do except yersinia and proteus
- what two HIV regulatory genes down-regulate MHC class I exprssion
- nef and tat
- what size ribosomes do fungi have
- 80S (eukaryotes)