Beginning of History
Terms
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- Neolithic
- New Stone Age. Period that is associated with the origins of agriculture.
- Iron Age
- Period after the 2nd Millennium when soceities began to use this metal instead of bronze. This new AGE was developed as a result of an abundance of this metal. It is also used to create weapons and tools.
- Jaguar Symbol
- This symbol was used in sculpture, pottery, and textiles similar to the Olmec Symbols. This symbol of an animalistic man was alarge religious symbol.
- Monotheism
- Belief in the existance of a single divine entity. Opposite of Polytheism.
- Scribe
- An elite who could read and write, Highly prized for lieracy, and used to keep records of annual produce and later to record eventsof history.
- Chavin
- First major urban civilization in South America. Capital is de Huantar, was located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Has 2 distinct ecological zones, the Peruvian Costal Plain and the Andean Foothills.
- Mohenjo-Daro
- Largest of cities of the Indus River Valley civilization. Had large scale construction, evidence of rural planning. Also known as a farming center.
- Foragers
- Hunter/ gatherers in the earliest periods of time, later settle down and become agriculturists.
- Babylon
- Most important city in southern Mesopotamia in the 2nd Millennium. Also later remembered for it's gardens atop of buildings, and as being one of the wonders of the world.
- Murek Snail
- A type of snail that produce a highly valued purple dye during the period of the Phoinikes.
- Hieroglyphs
- A writing system from Egypt that contains symbols in it. Is the same writing system used today.
- Thebes
- Capital city of Egypt andhome to the ruling dynasties during the Middle and New Kingdoms. Monarchs were buried across the River in the Valley of Kings.
- Mycenae
- Fortified palace complex in southern Greece. Controlled late Bronze Age Kingdom. Base of King Agamemnon who commanded the Greeks as they besieged Troy in Homer's poems.
- Minoans
- Prosperous civilization located on the Aegean Island of Crete in the 2nd millenium. Executed powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.
- City-state
- A self governing urban center. Controlled agricultural cultural territories as well.
- Globalization
- The opening up of country boarders for trade and commerce. Also allows for communities and religions to interact with each other as they develop internation relations.
- Sumerians
- People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions.
- Ziggurat
- A multi-story, mud-brick, pyramid shaped tower approached by ramps and stairs. It is associated with religion in ancient Mesopotamian cities, but it's function is unknown.
- Holocene
- The era about 9000 BCE, a time when Global Warming ended the last Ice Age.
- Semetic
- A family of related languages spoken across parts Asia and Northern Africa. Most wide spread of this language is Arabic.