Science Systems part 2 bio
Terms
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- Tropical rain forest
- A biome characterized by heavy rainfall, constant warm temps. and dense growth of plant species
- Tundra
- a biome characterized by permafrost and low-growing vegetation
- Deciduous Forest
- a forest made of trees that annualy shed their leaves
- Selection
- choosing the individuals with a desired trait as the first step in controlled breeding
- Starch
- a carbohydrate made of hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules; use as a food storage molecule by plants
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- a nucleic acid composed of repeating units of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases in a double strand formation: this substance contains the genetic information of a cell
- Moneran
- a porkaryotic organism; th group includes bacteria and cyanophytes
- Binomial nomenclature
- a two-name system of naming organisms by genus and species
- Homeostasis
- maintaininga constant internal environment despite changing external conditions
- state of matter
- one of four forms in which matter can exist, the three most common being solid, liquid, or gas
- Grassland
- a biome in which grasses are the dominant form of vegetation
- Desert
- a biome characterized by scant rainfall and widely spaced vegetation
- Subspecies
- a distinct population of a species, a race
- Ultrasound
- a technique using sound waves to locate the position of a fetus in the uterus
- Experiment
- a procedure carried out under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis
- Biology
- the study of living things
- Autosome
- any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes
- Taiga
- a biome characterized by coniferous forests
- Cell wall
- a semi-rigid structure lying outside of the plasma membrane in plant cells
- Matter
- anything that has mass and occupies space
- Gene pool
- all the genes present in a population
- Chloroplast
- a plastid containing chlorophyll
- Variable
- any factor that can be changed or varied in an experiment
- Chlorophyll
- one of several green pigments in plants required for photosynthesis
- Mutation
- a change in the genetic material that results from an errror in replication of DNA
- Lipid
- an organic molecule that will not dissolve in water but will dissolve in nonpolar substances: made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- Homozygous
- a term used to describe an individual having two alike alleles for a trait
- Crossing over
- exchange of parts between two homologous chromosomes
- Element
- a substance made of only one kind of atom
- Secondary succession
- ecological succession occurring in an area stripped of its previous community
- Acquired characteristics
- Traits that an organism develops during its lifetime
- biogenesis
- the idea that all living things arise from other similar living things of the same type
- codon
- a sequence of 3 nucleotide bases that codes for one amino acid in a protein
- Endoplasmic recticulum
- a network of channels in the cytoplasm of a cell that functions in protein synthesis
- Equilibrium
- a state where the rate of particles entering and leaving a system is equal
- Inbreeding
- crossing two closely related individuals
- Eukaryote
- any cell with a membrane bound nucleus
- Herbivore
- a consumer that eats only plants
- Hybrid
- an individual produce by crossing 2 pure lines
- Hemophilia
- a sex-linked condition in humans in which blood fails to clot
- Taxonomy
- the science of classifying organisms
- Clone
- a group of identical cells, or a complete individual produced from a single somatic cell
- Messenger RNA
- A type of RNA that carries the instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA th the ribosome where it acts as a template
- Energy Pyramid
- a relationship showing the flow of energey as it is transferred through members of a food chain
- Carrier
- an individual that is heterozygous for a recessive trait
- Evolution
- the theories concerning the processes of biological and organic change in organisms such that descendents differ from their ancestors
- Diffusion
- the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- Molecule
- 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
- Heterotroph
- an organism that cannot make its own food and must take in nourishment from its environment
- Carnivore
-
an animal that consumes other animals for food.
- Ecology
- the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment
- Consumer
- an organism that gets its food from another organism or organic matter
- trisomy
- having an extra chromosome
- Gene Frequency
- the proportion of a particular allele in a population
- Temperate forest
- a biome characterized by plentiful rain and deciduous forests
- Fat
- a triglyceride that is solid at room temperature
- Mitchondrion
- an organelle in which energy production for the cell occurs
- Fermentation
- an anaerobic process whereby organic compounds such as carbohydrates are broken down to form products such as lactic acid or alcohol
- hypothesis
- a possible explanation for a set of observations
- Dominant
- a term used to describe a gene or trait that prevents the expression of a recessive trait
- osmosis
- the movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of higer concentration to an area of lower concentration
- Recombinant DNA
- the new DNA that results from combining 2 or more types of DNA
- Primary Succession
- ecological succession occurring in an area not previously colonized
- Oil
- a triglyceride that remains in liquid at room temp.
- Autotroph
- an organism that can produce its own food from simple substances
- Nucleus
- a membrane-bound organelle containing the chromosomes/the central part of an atom containing the protons and neutrons
- Heterozygous
- a term used to describe an individual having unlike alleles for a trait
- Pedigree
- a diagram of family relationships
- Aminocentesis
- a procedure by which a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn during pregnancy to detect genetic defects
- Photosynthesis
- a process by which plants, using chlorophyll and energy from sunlight, produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
- Fossil
- an imprint or remains of an organism that lived long ago
- abiogenesis
- the obsolete idea that living things can arise from non-living material; spontaneous generation
- Haploid
- having half of the full complement of chromosomes
- Omnivore
- a consumer that eats both plants and animals
- Anaerobic
- not requiring oxygen
- Prokaryote
- any cell without an membrane-bound nucleus
- Punnett square
- a diagram used to visualise the possible results of a genetic cross
- Carbohydrate
- an organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can be classified as sugar, starch, or cellulose
- Aerobic
- requiring oxygen
- Permeable
- allowing a substance to pass through
- Phenotype
- the observable appearance of an individual as a result of its genetic makeup
- Recessive
- a term used to describe a gene or trait that is hidden by a dominant gene
- Genotype
- the genetic makeup of an organism
- fungi
-
plantlike heterotrophic organisms
- Atom
- the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
- Biome
- a large geographical area with characteristic life forms
- Hybridization
- when a breeder tries to combine the best of breeds
- Kingdom
- the broadest division in taxomic division
- Natural selection
- the process by which better adapted organisms survive and reproduce
- Organelle
- an organized structure within a cell that has a specific function
- population
- a group of interbreeding organisms that live in a particular location
- Sex chromosome
- one of a pair of chromosomesthat carry genes to determine sex and sex-linked traits
- Species
- a group of similar organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring
- speciation
- the formation of a new species
- Food chain
- the feeding relationships among the members of a community
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
- a single strand nucleic acid important in translating the DNA code
- Producers
- organisms that manufacture their own food
- Respiration
- process of converting food energy into a form of energy usable by cells; the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and their environment
- Diploid
- having 2 of each type of chromosome
- Food Web
- a series of interrelated food chains in an ecosystem