Psychology Chapter 6 2
Terms
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- Memory
- Ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned.
- Information-Processing Model
- Computerlike model used to describe the way humans encode, store, and retrieve information.
- Sensory Registers
- Entry points for raw information from the senses.
- Attention
- Selection of some incoming information for further processing.
- Short-term Memory (STM)
- Working memory, briefly stores and processes selected information from the sensory registers.
- Rote rehearsal
- Retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over.
- chunking
- grouping the information into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory.
- long-term memory (LTM)
- Portion of memory that is more or less permanent corresponding to everything we know.
- serial position effect
- finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning and end of the list.
- elaborative rehearsal
- Linking of new information in short-term memory to familiar material stored in long-term memory.
- schema (plural: schemata)
- Set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience.
- episodic memory
- Portion of long-term memory that stores personally experienced events.
- semantic memory
- Portion of long-term memory that stores general facts and information.
- procedural memory
- portion of long-term memory that stores information relating to skills, and other perceptual-motor tasks.
- emotional memory
- learned emotional responses to various stimuli.
- explicit memory
- memory information from that we can readily express in words and are aware of having these memories can be intentionally retrieve from memory.
- implicit memory
- memory for information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory.
- tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
- Knowing a word but not being able to immediately recall it.
- long-term potentiation (LTP)
- Long-lasting change in the structure or function of a synapse that increases the efficiency of neural transmission, and is thought to be related to how information is stored by neurons.
- decay theory
- theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting.
- retrograde annesia
- inability to recall events preceding an accident or injury but without loss of earlier memory.
- retroactive interference
- process by which new information interferes with information already in memory.
- proactive interference
- process by which information is readily in memory interferes with new information.
- mnemonics
- techniques that make material easier to remember.
- childhood amnesia
- difficulty adults have remembering experiences from their first 2 years of life.
- eidetic imagery
- ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something one has seen.
- mnemonist
- someone who highly developed memory skills.
- flashbulb memory
- vivid memory of a certain event and the incidents surrounding it even aftera long time has passed.