edpy442 ch12

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6. emergence of group counseling: group settings showed the powerful of groups on individuals
satir leveling: teching members to own persoan feelings and express them clearly
linear causality: one action is seen as the cause of another
whitaker (experiential) when working with families uses absurdity:: a stmt that is half true and even silly if followed out to its conclusion
8. multicultural changes: -importance of cultural background in treating families
-inherited culture-ex.ethnicity, nationality
-acquired culture-learned habits
5. growth of child guidence movt: child guidance clinics concentrate on the treamtment & prevention of emotional disorders in children through an interdisciplinary approach
5 main approaches to marriage & couple counseling 1.psychoanalytic: -based on theory of object relations-addresses how relationships are developed across the generations
-objects are the significant others in one's environment
-counselor uses transference
-catharsis-(expression of pent up emotion) is a must
-goal-gain new insights into their lives and change their behaviors
strategic(brief) family counseling: -strive to resolve presenting problems and pay little attention to instilling insight
-major aspect-homework tasks
structural family counseling 2 techniques:: 1.family interaction
2.reframing-helping the family see its problem from a different and more positive perspective
strategic family counseling technique prescribe the problem:: place target behaviors(family fights) under the control of the counselor by making a behavior voluntary if family members comply & eliminating a behavior if family members resist the counselor's instructions
interlocking pathologies: unconscious and dysfunctional way of acting
cutoff: physical or psychological avoidance
2. social cognitive theory: -stresses learning through modeling and imitation
-also called social learning
-focus-skill building in present
b)pseudomutuality: a facade of family harmony that covers underlying tension between family members
3. schizophrenia & families: studies conducted in the area of family dynamics & the otiology of schizophrenia
concepts to emerge were a)double blind: a person receives 2 contradictory messages at the same time and is unable to follow both
4.emergence of marriage counseling: focus on the marriage relationship rather that just the individuals involved
c)marital schism: overt marital conflict
3. Bowen Family Systems Theory: -focus-differentiation-distinguishing one's thoughts from one's emotions and oneself from others
fusion: undifferentiated emotional togetherness
d)marital skewness: pathological marriage in which one partner dominated the other
narrative reasoning: characterized by stories, meaningfulness and liveliness
2.paradoxing: insisting on just the opposite of what one wants
4. Structural Strategic Theory: -belief that when dysfunctional symptoms occur in a marriage, they are an attempt to help couples adapt
-goal-get couples to try new behaviors because their old behaviors aren't working
Structural strategic theory uses: 1.relabeling: giving a new perspective to a behavior
5. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): -based on: couples often become disturbed because of what they think rather than because of specific actions that occur in the relationship
Aspect of REBT: -irrational thinking-what leads to neurosis and relationship disturbance
3.prescribing the symptom: having the couple display voluntarily what they had previously manifested involuntarily, such as fighting
triangulate: focus on third party
7.postwar changes: increase in divorce, women's employment outside the home & expansion of the life span...those affected by these changes brought researchers, & theorists together
all families deal with: 1.family cohesion: emotional bonding
experiential family counseling: -concern for individual & family
-belief that dysfunctional families are made up of people who are incapable of autonomy or real intimacy
structural family counseling structure: the informal way in which a family organizes itself and interacts
family life cycle: stages a family goes through as it evolves over the years
solution focused family counseling (milton erickson) utilization principle: whatever the client present sin counseling is a basis and means for client solutions and change
2 ways to describe family dysfunstionality are: 1.enmeshment: family environments in which members are overly dependent on each other or are undifferentiated
4. family rules: -redundency principle-small set of predictable rules that most families operate on
-counselors help them define or expand the rules under which they operate
behavioral family counseling work is concentrated in 3 main areas:: 1.behavioral parent training
2.behavioral marriage counseling
3.treamtment of sexual dysfunctions
Satir-nonproductive roles (experiential): 1.placater:agrees & tries to please
2.blamer:dominates and finds fault
3.responsible analyzer:remains emotionally detached & intellectual
4.distractor:interrupts and constantly chatters about irrelevent topics
2.family adaptability: ability to be flexible and change
5. Morphogenesis: -ability of a family to modify its functioning to meet challenging demands of internal and external factors
-requires:
a)second order change-ability to make an entirely new response
b)first order change-continuing to do more of the same things that have worked previously
psychodynamic family counseling: -individual rather than social systems such as families
-goal-change the personality of family members so they can work with one another in a healthy and productive way
focus of REBT: help individuals first and marriages second
Family Counseling-usually there is a identified patient:: an individual who is seen as the cause of trouble within the family structure
structural family counseling: -counselor joins in the family in a position of leadership
-aim to get the family to change the way it operates
2. equifinality: -same origin may lead to different outcomes, same outcomes may result from different origin.
-treamtment focus-interactional family patterns rather than particular events
scapegoating: one person is singled out as the cause of the family's problems
solution focused therapy technique miracle question: let's suppose that tonight when you were sleeping a miracle happened that solved all the problems that brought you here. How would you know it? What would be different?
family counseling emphasizes the following 6 concepts: 1.nonsummativity: The family is greater than the sum of its parts
behavioral family counseling: -stress the importance of learning
-importance of family rules & skill training
-behaviors determined by consequences rather than antecendants
solution focused therapy: -belief small change will lead to big change
-enpowers client families
-flexible and good research to proove effectiveness
Narrative family counseling: -newest approach to family counseling
-based on narrative reasoning
-families encouraged to externalize problems to colve them
similarities in marriage or family counseling and individual or group counseling center on: theories
circular causality: events are related through a series of interacting feedback loops
3. communication: -content-factual info
-relationship-how the message is to be understood
2.triangulation: family fusion situation in which one person in pulled in two different directions by the other members of the triangle
6. homeostasis: -families tend to stay in a steady, stable state of equilibrium unless otherwise forced to change
2.general systems theory: -how interaction of the parts influences the operation of the system as a whole
ex.mom with problem, family effected
8 events influenced marriage & family counseling since ww2 1.dev. of psychoanalysis: -psychoanalysis extended approach to include family's in the late 1940's

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