dfst final
Terms
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- At this age, children can understand rules but can easily break them
- 2 years old, toddler age
- Gender identity is actively being constructed by children beginning as young as 18 months of age, by the age 4-5 most children have acquired this gender concept
- Gender consistency
- Reasons individuals decide to do this include: the desire to care for and rear children, to be altruistc and to help deprived children
- Foster children
- Children do the following to learn about this: 1)identify own ethnic group (preschool) 2)learn what is distinctive about own ethnic group (school-age) 3)acqire the concept of ethnic constancy (school-age)
- Ethnic identity
- Studies have shown that in adolescence, ethnic identiy and this are mutually related-high levels of THIS promote positive ethnic identity
- Self esteem
- Recent research has shown that children reared in gay or lesbian home are as ____ and ____ as children reared in heterosexual homes
- Well adjusted and socially competent
- Young adults who experience this even in childhood have lower educational attainment, earn less money are more likely to divorce, to have a child outside of marriage and are more likely to be alienate from one parent
- Divorce
- Ethnic group is more likely to have obligatory or detached relationships with family member compared to other ethnic groups
- European Americans
- Major reason that single parent families experience more difficulty compared to two parent family
- Less money
- Reason why there are more single parents in the African American community compared to other ethnic groups
- Lower marriage rate
- School-age children acquire ethnic constancy and exhibit group preference usually around this age
- 10
- This can be terminated by a court if parents demonstrate that they are unwilling or unable to care for children for an extended period of time
- Parental rights
- Many studies have shown that children reares in this type of family are at greater risk for developing emotional and academic problems
- Single-parent families
- This includes: period of numbness, protest and yearning, sadness and despair, reorganization
- Bowlby’s 4 stages of grieving
- Number and proportions of this type of family have increased in all ethnic groups in the US since 1970s
- Single parent families
- Working parents maintain a strong loving bond with their children when they do this
- Arrange daily rituals that give parents and children special time together
- This can teach children valuable negotiating skills
- Observing marital conflict
- Assigning these types of tasks to children gives them to feeling of independence and competence because they can care for themselves
- Chores
- Giving children a part in planning chores, being generous with praise for what children do around the house, and not taking over for children in doing their chores are all ways to improve this
- Cooperation in the family
- Working parents who are married, experience less stress at work and have more workplace support from coworkers and supervisors usually experience
- Positive spillover of happiness
- National institute of child health and development studied children’s development and found they this affects children much more than day care
- Parents
- After death parents should express _____ in front of children so that children know that they have permission to grieve
- Appropriate amount of grief
- Maltreatment of children occurs in this SES bracket more often compared to other SES brackets
- Lower
- Young children think that thei bad behavior and immoral acts can be punished through ____
- Sickness
- Children exposed to this experience many of the same negative symptoms of children who are physically or sexually abused
- Community violence
- When individual identifies with two cultures
- Bicultural
- Dr driekers, when siblings fight parents should do this
- Punish the children the same
- When parents begin talkin to children about sex
- Toddler/preschool years
- Highest group of people that has the highest riske for STDs (next to homosexual men and prostitutes)
- Teen girls
- Process of dating in adolescence begins with this activity that occurs during school years?
- Forming cooperative, respectful and supportive relationships
- Age when self-identification as homosexual or lesbian occurs for most individuals
- Late adolescence or early adulthood
- 2ndary sex characteristics develop in children when they undergo this process
- Puberty
- Depression is greatly increasing in this group of adults
- College
- Men most often have this type of relationship with their adult children
- Social and/or obligatory
- Occurs between parents and adult children in about 2/3 of families
- Conflict
- Pollack proposed that teen boys are pressure to conform to a code: to be strong and tough, to be aggressive and energetic, to achieve status and power and to avoid tender feelings
- Boy law
- Bullying and victimization occur most often with this age group
- School age
- When children are afraid to go to bed, Dr. Ferber advises parents to do this
- ‘deal with the underlying fears related to daily life’
- In adult children, Communivation styles, interaction styles, lifestyle habits and personal choices are examples of what causes_____ between parents and children
- conflict
- When teens engage in this activity, they can gain skills that promote problem-solving, responsibility, and understanding people better
- Working
- Percentage of teens say that they do not like their siblings
- 3%
- These individuals are twice as likely to die in adolescence compared to girls
- Boys
- Galinksy, parents of early adolescents are in this stage of parenting
- Interdependent
- School-age children have conceptions of 3 feelings which are similar to adults
- Loneliness, guilt and shame
- Sex difference in fears-these children have more fears than boys
- Girls
- According to Galinsky, parents with school-age children are in this stage
- Interpretive stage
- Unexplained injuries/torn clothes frequent trips to the school nurse moodiness/depression, and school avoidance
- Bullying
- Type of temper tantrum is used by children to influence parents’ actions
- Manipulative temper tantrum
- Type of play is associated with social competence and peer popularity in boys but abrasive peer relationships in girls
- Interactional or rough-and-tumble
- Type of play where a child Is involved in a group with set rules, leaders, and followers
- Cooperative
- Parents of children ages 2-5 are in the stage (according to Ellen galinksy)
- Authority stage