Micro - BT agents
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- How is Y. Pestis transmitted?
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*Via an insect vector associated with a rodent host
*there is also aerosol transmission with p-p spread (in pneumonic form) - What are the 3 disease states caused by Y. pestis?
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*bubonic
*septicemic
*pneumonic - There is a large family of virulence factors associated with Y. pestis. What is its name? Give an example.
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*YOPS
*fraction 1: an anti-phagocytic capsule - What members of the immune system are able to deal with Y. pestis successfully? Which ones are not?
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*killed by PMN
*not killed by macrophage - Brucella is common in what food products?
- Unpastuerized dairy products.
- What does the Brucella bacteria look like?
- A tiny G- rod
- How does brucella disseminate?
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*phagocytosed but not killed
*spread through the RES by macrophages - What are some symptoms of infection with Brucella? What other disease can this easily be confused with?
- Granulomas and lesions easily confused with TB.
- Which species is "hardier" - Brucella or L. monocytogenes?
- Listeria: it is able to withstand high salt concentrations and extremes of temperature. Brucella is killed at the temperature of pasteurization.
- Other than an anti-phagocytic capsule, what are 3 important virulence factors for anthrax? What does each do?
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1.Protective Ag: binds to allow entry of factors
2.Lethal factor: stimulates release of TNF-a
3.Edema factor: interferes with adenylate cyclase to cause extravasation - Is there a vaccine for anthrax? What about treatment?
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*vaccine is made of cell-free filtrates and has high efficacy but some side effects
*rx: PCN-G; cipro; tetracycline
*tx must precede toxemia stage to be effective - What does the anthrax bacteria look like? How is it transmitted?
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*G+ spore-forming rod
*infection is via spores, no p-p spread - What is a significant symptom of cutaneous anthrax? How is it contracted?
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*formation of black eschar
*handling contaminated items - What symptoms are seen with the GI form of anthrax? How is it contracted? What is its prognosis?
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*bloody diarrhea and emesis
*ingestion of spores
*high mortality - Describe the course of inhalational anthrax. What's its prognosis?
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*spores inhaled
*transferred by macrophages to lymph nodes
*rapid progression leading to respiratory failure and shock
*high mortality