biology genetics test
Terms
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- How many chromosomes in are in each human body cell?
- 23 pairs of 46
- What is the scientific study of heredity?
- genetics
- Name 2 gametes.
- sperm and egg cells
- How many autosomes are in the human body cell?
- All the chromosomes except sex chromosomes (44)
- What has the greatest influence over traits besides genetice?
- environment
- recessive
- gene that gets masked
- gene
- a factor for a trait
- allele
- a factor for a trait
- genotype
- symbols for genes (TT)
- phenotype
- physical appearance
- homozygous
- TT or tt
- heterozygous
- Tt
- probability
- liklihood of an event
- punnett square
- instrument for solving genetic problems 4, 16 or 64
- monohybrid cross
- cross involving one trait
- dihybrid cross
- cross involving 2 traits
- test cross
- cross to determine unknown genotype
- incomplete dominance
- neither gene dominates
- codominance
-
both genes dominate
AB blood type or sickle cell anemia - polygenic trait
-
trait controlled by three or more genes.
hair, eye, or skin color - multiple alleles
- blood types A,B, and O
- gametes
- sex cells
- meiosis
- division of sex cells
- autosomes
- chromosome numbers 1-22
- sex chromosomes
-
23rd pair
XX - female
XY- male - nondisjunction
- failure of chromosomes to seperate properly
- Turner's syndrome
- XO a sterile female
- Klinefelter's
- XXY sterile male, cannot reproduce
- Down Syndrome
- extra 21st chromosome
- Symptoms of Down Syndrome
-
slanted eyes
lower IQ
stubby fingers and toes - polyploidy
- inject fruit and vegetables with an extra set of chromosomes
- sex-linked trait
-
trait is linked to the X chromosome on the 23rd pair
ex. color blindness
hemophelia
muscular dystrophy - hemophelia
- sex-linked
- amniosentesis
- test to determine genetic defects
- selective breeding
- humans breed purebreed dogs, cattle, and crops
- inbreeding
- breed two similar things
- hybridization
- breed two distantly related things
- mutation
- mistake in the genetic code
- karyotype
- chromosome map
- pedigree
- family tree
- 2 genetic experiments
-
domestication of dogs
indians growing crops like potatos and corn - What did Aerostotle believe about genetics
-
1. blending hypothesis
2. genes were transfered through the bloodstream - Life of Gregor Mendel
-
father of genetics
famous work was between the 1860's to 1880's
monk - Why wasn't Mendel famous?
- Nobody understood his math until later
- Why did Mendel choose pea plants
-
1. short growing time
2. 7 distinct traits - P
- is the original parent
- F1
- offspring of P
- F2
- offspring of F1
- Mendel's Laws
-
1. dominance
2. segregation
3. independent assortment - genotype ratio
- symbols
- phenotype ratio
- physical description
- diploid
- full set of chromosomes
- haploid
- half set of chromosomes which are gametes
- Huntington's disease
- caused by a dominant gene Hh or HH and you have it
- Tay-Sach's disease
- recessive in the Jewish gene pool, it is fatal
- MD
- sex-linked
- Seckle cell anemia
- abnormally shaped blood cells
- Downs syndroms
- extra 21st chromosome
- chromosome disorder
- Down's , Turners, Klinefelter's syndrome
- cystic fibrosis
- body suffocates from mucas
- PKU
- baby can't break down mothers milk
- 4 blood types
-
AA or AO
BB or BO
AB
OO - monosomy
- one to few chromosomes
- trisomy
- extra chromosome
- outbreeding or hybridization
- breed two dissimilar things