chapter 10 - intelligence
Terms
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- the mental abilities necessary to adapt to and shape the environment
- INTELLIGENCE
- the measurement of intelligence, personality and other mental processes
- PSYCHOMETRICS
- the practice of encouraging supposedly superior people to reproduce, whil discouraging or even preventing from oing so those judged to be inferior.
- EUGENICS
- a test designed to predict a person's capacity for learning
- APTITUDE TEST
- a test designed to asses what a person has learned
- ACHIEVEMENT TEST
- the widely used American reevision of the original French Binet-Simon intelligence test
- STANDFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE
- originally the ratio of mental age to chronological age ultiplied by 100 (MA/CA x 100(. Today, ,IQ is calculated by comparing how a person's performance deviates from the average score of her or his same - age peers, which is 100.
- INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ)
- the most widely used set of intelligence tests, containing both verbal and performance (nonverbal) subscales.
- WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALES
- the process of establishing uniform procedure for administrating a test and for interpreting its scores
- STANDARIZATION
- the bell-shaped appearance of a distribuion that results when the mean, median and mode are identical in value
- NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
- the tendency for people's performance on IQ tests to improve from one generation to te next
- FLYNN EFFECT
- the degree to which a test yields consistent results
- RELIABILITY
- the degree to which a test measures what it is designed to measure
- VALIDITY
- the degree to which the items on a test are related to the characteristic the test supposedly measures
- CONTENT VALIDITY
- the degree to which a test predicts other observable behavior related to the characteristic the test supposedly measures
- PREDICTIVE VALIDITY
- a statistical technique that allows researchrs to identify clusters of variables or test items that correlate with one another.
- FACTOR ANALYSIS
- an intelligence factor that spearman and other researchers believed underlies all mental abilities
- GENERAL INTELLIGENCE FACTOR (G-FACTOR)
- the ability to aquire knowldge through experience and to use that knowledge to solve familiar problems
- CRYSTALIZED INTELLIGENCE
- the ability to understand the relationships between things in the abesence of past experiencecs and the mental capacity to develop strategies for dealing with new kinds of problems
- FLUID INTELLIGENCE
- gardner's theory contends that there are at least eight distinct and relatively independent intelligences, all of which are differently dveloped in each of us.
- MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
- individuals who asily master skills in a particular intelletual area
- PRODIGIES
- mntally retardd individuals who demonstrate exceptional ability in one specific intellectual area
- SAVANTS
- Sternberg's theory tat three sets of mental abilities make up human intelligence: analytic, creative and practical
- TRIACHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
- the ability to recognize and regulate our own and others' emotions
- EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
- A diagnostic category used for people who not only hav an IQ score below 70 but also have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of independent living
- MENTAL RETARDATION
- a form of mental retardation caused by an extra chromosome in an individual's genetic makeup
- DOWN SYNDROME
- a statistical cofficient ranging from 0 to 1, that estimates the degree to which heredity determines intelligence whithin a particular human group
- HERITABILITY COEFFICIENT
- the extent to which genetically determined limites on IQ may increase or decrease due to environmental factors
- REACTION RANGE
- the realization that your performance on some task might confirm a negative sterotype associated with your social group
- STEROTYPE THREAT
- the process by which someone's expectations about a person or group lead to the fufilliment of those expectations
- SLEF-FUFLLING PROPHECY
- the ability to produce novel, high-quality products or ideas
- CREATIVITY
- applying logic and conventional knowledge to arrive at a single solution to a problem
- CONVERGENT THINKING
- pursuing many different and often unconventional paths to generate many different solutions to a problem
- DIVERGENT THINKING
- ability to acommunicate through written or spoken words
- LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE
- ability to solve math problems and analyze arguments
- LOGICAL=MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE
- ability to perceive and arrange objects in the environmnt
- SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE
- when you see someone in need of help, how you feel emotionally. you must relieve your anxiety, do you help them or distancec yourself?
- PERSONAL DISTRESS
- high IQ scores have more complex brain patterns than low scores when responding to simple stimuli
- COMPLEITITY
- neural impulse speed positively correlated with IQ/100(+/- .40) intelligence might be realted to density of mylein conbening brain neurons
- QUICKNESS
- higher IQ ppl consume less glucose - brain's "fulel" when working on problem solving tasks
- EFFiCIENCY
- practice can mak the brain more efficient
- SMARTER
- Marc goes to the coffee shop... his most appropriate action should be to../
- A) tell the studnt they are threatening the validity of the test by studying in the coffee shop