*USMLE 1 First Aid Classic findings
Terms
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- often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
- actinic keratosis
- primary adrenocortical deficiency
- Addison's disease
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Albright's syndrome
-
albuminocytologic dissociation
(+ protein in CSF with only modest + in cell count) - Guillain-Barre
- hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
- Alport's syndrome
- anti-basement membrane
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- anti-centromere antibodies
- scleroderma (CREST)
- anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)
- SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
- anti-epithelial cell
- pemphigus vulgaris
- anti-gliadin antibodies
- celiac disease
- anti-histone antibodies
- drug-induced SLE
- anti IgG antibodies
- rheumatoid arthritis
- anti-mitochondrial antibodies
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- anti-neutrophil antibodies
- vasculitis
- antiplatelet antibodies
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- arachnodactyly
- Marfan's syndrome
- Argyll Robertson pupil
- neurosyphilis
- cerebellar tonsilar herniation
- Arnold-Chiari malformation
- Aschoff bodies
- rheumatic fever
- atrophy of the mamillary bodies
- Wernicke's encephalopathy
- Auer rods
- acute myelogenous leukemia (esp. the promyelocytic type)
- autosplenectomy
- sickle cell anemia
- Babinski's sign
- UMN lesion
- Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
- rheumatoid arthritis
- "bamboo spine" on x-ray
- ankylosing spondylitis
- hyperreninemia
- Bartter's syndrome
- basophilic stippling of RBCs
- lead poisoning
- defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
- Becker's muscular dystrophy
- LMN CN VII palsy
- Bell's palsy
- Bence Jones proteins
- multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine)
- IgA nephropathy
- Berger's disease
- defect in platelet adhesion
- Bernard-Soulier disease
- bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Birbeck granules on EM
- histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
- bloody tap on LP
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- "blue bloater"
- chronic bronchitis
- breast with blue-domed cysts
- fibrocystic change of breast
- blue sclera
- osteogenesis imperfecta
-
boot-shaped heart on x-ray
(2) -
- Tetrology of Fallot
- RVH - Bouchard's nodes
- osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
- branching rods in oral infection
- Actinomyces israelii
- "brown tumor" of bone (2)
-
bone hemorrhage from:
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
(von Recklinghausen's disease) - Brushfield's spots
- Down's syndrome
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia
- Bruton's disease
- posthepatic venous thrombosis
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- 8:14 translocation; associated with EBV
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Burton's lines
- lead poisoning
- cafe au lait spots on skin
- neurofibromatosis
- Caisson disease
- Nitrogen gas emboli
- calf pseudohypertrophy
- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- Call-Exner bodies
- granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
- cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
- Chagas' disease
-
Bug causing:
cerebriform nuclei -
mycosis fungoides
(cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) - Chagas' disease bug
- trypanosome infection
- chancre
- primary syphilis (painless)
- chancroid bug
- haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
-
- nystagmus;
- intention tremor;
- scanning speech
- cholangitis:
jaundice; RUQ pain; fever -
Multiple Sclerosis
(Charcot's triad) - Charcot-Leyden crystals in lung
-
Asthma
(eosinophil membranes) - phagocyte deficiency
- Chediak-Higashi disease
- cherry-red spot on the macula
- Tay Sachs
- breathing problem caused by central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
- Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- """chocolate cysts"""
- endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
- what chronic atrophic gastritis can lead to
- gastric carcinoma
- Chvostek's sign - facial muscle spasm upon tapping
- hypocalcemia
- clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
- DES exposure in utero
- clue cells
- gardnerella vaginitis
- Codman's triangle on x-ray
- osteosarcoma
- bugs with Cold agglutinins (2)
- mycoplasma pneumoniae & mononucleosis
-
cold intolerance
(2) -
- hypothyroidism
- Raynauds - condylomata lata
- secondary syphilis
- continuous machinery murmur
- patent ductus arteriosus
- debranching enzyme deficiency
- Cori's disease
- Cotton-wool spots
- chronic hypertension
- cough, conjunctivitis, coryza & fever
- measles
- councilman bodies in liver
- toxic or viral hepatitis
- Cowdry type A bodies
- herpesvirus
- crescents in Bowman's capsule
- rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
- congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
- Curling's ulcer
- bug causing currant-jelly sputum
- klebsiella
- Curschmann's spirals in lung
-
Bronchial Asthma
(whorled mucous plugs) - acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
- Cushing's ulcer
- D-dimers
- DIC
- depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
- Parkinson's disease
- dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
- Pellagra (Vit B-3: Niacin deficiency)
- exophthalmos + lesions of skull + diabetes insipidus
-
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
H: Huge Eyes
S: Skull lesions
C: Continuous urination - bug from dog or cat bite
- pasteurella multocida
- Donovan bodies
- granuloma inguinale
- post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
- Dressler's syndrome
- congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- eburnation - polished, ivory-like appearance to bone
- osteoarthritis
- genetic disorder w/ rockerbottom feet, low-set ears and heart disease
- Edward's syndrome (Trisomy 18)
- uncorrected L to R shunt that becomes a R to L shunt
- Eisenmenger's complex
- elastic skin
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- "waiter's tip"
- Erb-Duchenne palsy: superior trunk brachial plexus injury
-
Bug:
erythema chronicum migrans - Lyme disease
- proximal tubular reabsorption defect
- Fanconi's syndrome
- fatty liver
- alcoholism
- ferruginous bodies in lung
- Asbestosis
- colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
- Gardner's syndrome
- glucocerebrosidase deficiency
- Gaucher's disease
- Ghon focus
- primary TB
- benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Gilbert's syndrome
- defect in platelet aggregation
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- idiopathic polyneuritis causing ascending paralysis
- Guillan-Barre syndrome
-
"hair-on-end" appearance (hairy skull) on x-ray
(2) -
- beta-thalassemia
- sickle cell anemia
(extramedullary hematopoeisis) -
another name for:
chronic progressive histiocytosis - Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
- HbS
- sickle cell anemia
-
hCG elevated
(2) -
HCG:
H: Hydatidiform moles
C: Choriocarcinoma of Gonads - Heberden's nodes
-
osteoarthritis
(DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes) - Heinz bodies
- G6PD deficiency
- hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria on lower body, GI problems and URIs
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- heterophil antibodies
- infectious mononucleosus (EBV)
- HbF
- thalassemia major
-
vitamin problem causing high-output cardiac failure
(dilated cardiomyopathy) - wet beriberi (thiamine deficiency)
- HLA B27 (2)
-
- Reiter's syndrome,
- Ankylosing Spondylitis - HLA DR3 or -DR4
- diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
- Homer Wright rosettes
- neuroblastoma
- honeycomb lung on x-ray
- interstitial fibrosis
- ptosis, miosis & anhydrosis
- Horner's syndrome (Pancoast tumor)
- Howell-Jolly bodies in blood
- splenectomy (or nonfunctional speen)
- caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
- Huntington's disease
- hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
- hyperpigmentation of the skin
- primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- hypersegmented neutrophils
- macrocytic anemia
- hypertension + hypokalemia
- Conn's syndrome
-
hypochromic microcytosis
(2) -
- iron deficiency anemia,
- lead poisoning - abnormally increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid / maternal serum
- neural tube defects
- increase uric acid levels (4)
-
- Gout,
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
- myeloproliferative disorders,
- loop & thiazide diuretics - Virus causing: intussusception
-
Adenovirus
(causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches) - Janeway lesions
- endocarditis
- neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
- Job's syndrome
- Karposi's sarcoma
- AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
- dynein defect
- Kartagener's syndrome
- Kayser-Fleischer rings
- Wilson's disease
- Keratin pearls
- squamous cell carcinoma
- pink Kimmelstein Wilson nodules of the nephron
- diabetic nephropathy
- bilateral amygdala lesions
- Kluver Bucy syndrome
- Koilocytes
- HPV
- Koplik spots
- measles
- gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
- Krukenberg tumor
-
Kussmaul hyperpnea
(2) -
1. DKA
2. Constrictive Pericarditis - lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
- Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
- HGPRT deficiency
- Lesch Nyhan syndrome
- Lewy bodies
- Parkinson's disease
- endocarditis associated with SLE
- Libman Sacks disease
- Lines of Zahn
- arterial thrombus
- Lisch nodules on arms
-
neurofibromatosis
(von Recklinghausen's disease) - low serum ceruloplasmin
- Wilson's disease
- Lucid interval
- epidural hematoma
- "lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- lytic bone lesions on x-ray
- multiple myeloma
- Mallory bodies in the liver
- alcoholic liver disease
- esophagogastic lacerations
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- muscle phosphorylase deficiency
- McArdle's disease
- McBurney's sign
- appendicitis
- MLF syndrome (INO)
- multiple sclerosis
- monoclonal antibody spike
- multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
- myxedema
- hypothyroidism
-
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
(2) -
- Wegener's
- Goodpasture's
(hemoptysis and glomerular disease) - needle-shaped negatively birefringed crystals
- Gout
- Negri bodies
- rabies
- nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
- Alport's syndrome
- neurofibrillary tangles
- Alzheimer's disease
- sphingomyelinase deficiency
- Niemann Pick disease
- no lactation postpartum
- Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
- nutmeg liver
- CHF
- cancer from occupational exposure to asbestos
- malignant mesothelioma
- "Orphan Annie" nuclei
- papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
- Osler's nodes
- endocarditis
- Bug: owl's eyes in cell
- CMV
- painless jaundice
- pancreatic cancer (head)
- palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
- Henoch Schonlein purpura
- bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
- Pancoast's tumor
- Pannus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
- Parkinson's disease
- periosteal elevation on x-ray
- pyogenic Osteomyelitis
- benign polyposis; discolored mouth lesions
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Peyronie's disease
- penile fibrosis
- Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
- CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
- Pick bodies
- Pick's disease
- Progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer's
- Pick's disease
- "pink puffer" (name the 2 types)
-
emphysema
- centroacinar [smoking]
- panacinar [alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency] - esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
- Podagra
- gout (MP joint of hallux)
- podocyte fusion
- minimal change disease
- polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology & edema
- wet beriberi (thiamine deficiency)
- polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
- Guillan-Barre syndrome
- lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
- Pompe's disease
- port-wine stain
- hemangioma
- positive anterior "drawer sign"
- anterior cruciate ligament injury
- vertebral tuberculosis
- Pott's disease
- pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement in brain
- glioblastoma multiforme
- pseudorosettes in bone tumor
- Ewing's sarcoma
- rash on palms and soles (2)
-
- secondary syphilis;
- Rocky Mountain Spotted fever - recurrent vasospasm in distal extremities
- Raynaud's syndrome
- RBC casts in urine
- acute glomerulonephritis
- recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
- cystic fibrosis
- red urine in the morning
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Reed-Sternberg cells
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Reid index (increased)
- chronic bronchitis
- Reinke crystals
- Leydig cell tumor
- urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
- Reiter's syndrome
- renal cell carcinoma + Hemangiomas + adenomas
-
von Hippel-Lindau disease
V: Vesico-connected cancer
(vesico = bladder)
H: Hemangiomas
L: Large glands (Adenomas) - renal epithelial casts in urine
- acute toxic/viral nephrosis
- rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
- Pseudogout
- rib notching
- coarctation of the aorta
- Roth's spots in retina
- endocarditis
- congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Rotor's syndrome
- Rouleaux formations (RBCs)
- multiple myeloma
-
Russell bodies
(inclusions in plasma cells) - multiple myeloma
-
S3 heart sound
(3) -
- L to R shunt
(VSD, ASD, PDA),
- mitral regurgitation,
- Left Ventricle failure - S4 heart sound
- aortic stenosis
- Schiller-Duval bodies
- yolk sac tumor
- senile plaques
- Alzheimer's disease
- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
- Sezary syndrome
- postpartum pituitary necrosis
- Sheehan's syndrome
- Shwartzman reaction
- Neisseria meningitidis
- signet-ring cells
- gastric carcinoma
- Simian crease
- Down's syndrome
- Sipple's syndrome
- MEN type IIa
- dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
- Sjorgen's syndrome
- skip lesions
- Crohn's
- slapped cheek appearance
- erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
- Smith antigen
- SLE
- "smudge cell"
- CLL
- soap bubble on the bone x-ray
- giant cell tumor of bone
- spike and dome on EM
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- Spitz nevus
- benign juvenile melanoma
- splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
- endocarditis
- starry-sky pattern
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- "strawberry tongue"
- Scarlet fever
- streaky ovaries
- Turner's syndrome
- string sign on abdominal x-ray
- Crohn's disease
- subepithelial humps on EM
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Bug causing: suboccipital lymphadenopathy
- Rubella
- Bug: sulfur granules
- Actinomyces israelii
- swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia, bleeding from hair follicle
- Scurvy
- systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
- aortic valve stenosis
- t(8;14)
- Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
- t(9;22)
- Philadelphia chromosome
- t(14;18)
-
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2) activation
[F: Fourteen] - tabes dorsalis
- tertiary syphilis
- tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)
- familial hypercholesterolemia
- thumb sign on lateral x-ray
- epitglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
- thyroidization of kidney
- CHRONIC pyelonephritis
- tophi
- chalky accumulations of uric acid in gout
- "tram-track" appearance on LM"
- membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis