Mr. Jay's Social Studies GED
Terms
undefined, object
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- abolitionist
- a person who is against slavery
- adequacy
- sufficiency; enough to be considered acceptable
- alien
- a person living in the United States who is not an American citizen.
- allies
- countries that help each other
- amendment
- an addition or change
- annual percentage rate (APR)
- the percent of interest a lender changes per year
- apartheid
- a policy in South Africa that separated black Africans from white society.
- appeal
- to bring a court decision from a lower court to be reexamined in a higher court
- apprentice
- someone who learns a trade from an expert called a master.
- apprenticeship
- a period of training that includes on-the-job training.
- aquifer
- an underground layer of rock or earth that holds water
- assumption
- a statement accepted as true without proof; a belief
- bachelor's degree
- a degree earned after a four-year college education
- bar graph
- a graph used to make comparisons
- barbarian
- a person considered to be inferior and ignorant
- bill
- a proposed law
- Bill of Rights
- the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, listing the rights of individuals.
- bloc
- a group of nations that acts together for military, political, or economic purposes.
- broadcast
- the sending of a radio or TV program by radio waves.
- budget
- a detailed plan showing earnings and expenses over a period of time.
- campaign
- a series of events designed to get people to vote a certain way.
- candidae
- a person who runs for public office.
- capital
- money, assets, or property used for investment
- cash crop
- a crop grown for sale rather than for personal use
- cause
- why something happens
- cease-fire
- a pause in fighting
- century
- a period of 100 years
- charter
- a plan that sets up an organization and defines its purpose
- checks and balances
- the idea that each branch of a government has powers that limit the other branches' power.
- child labor
- the practice of using children as workers
- chronometer
- a very accurate clock
- circle graph
- graph used to show parts of a whole; also known as a pie chart
- civics
- the branch of political science that deals with the right and duties of citizens
- civilian
- a person not in military or government service
- civilization
- the society and culture of a particular group, place, or period.
- civil rights
- freedoms guaranteed to citizens, including the right to be treated equally
- civil war
- a war between people who live in the same country
- climate
- the general weather of a region over a long time
- Cold war
- the struggle for world power between the United States and the Soviet Union
- colony
- a settlement or group of settlements far from the home country
- communicate
- to exchange information
- communism
- a political and economic system that does away with private property and places production under government control
- compare
- to tell how people, events, or things are alike
- composer
- a person who writes music
- composing
- producing rich organic matter by letting food waste and plants decay
- computer
- an electronic machine for processing, storing, and recalling information.
- conclusion
- a logical judgment based on facts
- Confederacy
- the southern states during the American Civil War
- conquistador
- Spanish word menaing "conqueror"
- conservative
- a person who wants to maintain traditional and established values and practices
- Constitution
- the paln for the United States government, proposed in 1787
- consumenr
- a person who buys and uses goods and services
- containment
-
a policy to prevent the spread
of communism to other nations - context
-
1. the rest of the words in a sentence
2. one particular sistuation - contrast
- to tell how people,events, and things are different
- cooperative
- people who join together to ensure the best price for their products
- corporation
- a business owned by stockholders
- crude oil
- untreated oil
- culture
- customs or way of life
- currency
- a kind of money
- current
- part of any body of water that flows in a definite direction
- deadlocked
- unable to agree; a tie vote
- defense contract
- agreement that government makes with a private company that produces weapons and supplies needed by the military
- defense industry
- companies that produce military supplies
- deferment
- a temporary postponement of military service
- democracy
- a system of government in which the power to make choices belongs to the people
- desertification
- the turning of profitable land into desert
- detail
- small piece of information
- diagram
- a drawing that shows steps in a process or how something is organized
- diplomat
- a person who handles relations between nations
- displaced
- forced to leave ones home, often by climate change, natural disaster, or war
- discrimination
- the unequal and unfair treatment of a person or group
- drought
- a long period of unusually dry weather
- draft
- a system of required military service
- due
- process steps in the legal process that protect the rights of an accused person
- duty
- a tax collected on goods brought into a country and sometimes on goods sent out of a country
- dynasty
- a family of rulers whose generations govern one after another over a long time
- a message a writer sends electronically using a computer
- economics
- the study of how people use their resources to meet their needs
- ecotourism
- travel that appeals to people with environmental interests
- effect
- what happens as the result of a cause
- efficiency
- the state of being productive without wasting time, money, or energy
- elastic supply
- an amount of good or dervice that increases or decreases as the price changes
- elevation
- the height of the land above sea level
- Emancipation Proclamation
- the statement made by President Abraham Lincoln declaring freedom for slaves in states fighting against the Union during the American Civil War
- empire
- a group of widespread territories or nations under a single ruler or government
- entitlement
- a government program, such as food stamps or veterans' pensions, available to people who meet its requirements
- environment
- all of the living and nonliving things that make up a place
- equator
- an imaginary circle exactly halfway between the North and South poles
- estimate
- to guess an amount based on past experience
- excise tax
- tax on a specific item, such as cigarettes, alcohol, or gasoline
- executive branch
- the branch of government that carries out the laws
- export
-
1) to send and sell a nation's goods to other nations
2) a good produced in one country and sent to another country for sale - fact
- a statement of something that can be proved
- federal deficit
- the amount of money the national government spends in excess of its income
- federal government
- the government with authority over the entire Unted States
- fixed expenses
- costs thst stay the same each month
- flat tax
- an income tax under which everyone pays the same percentage of his or her wages
- flexible expenses
- costs that vary from month to month
- free enterprise system
- an economic system in which buyers affect which goods and services are produced
- free trade
- importing and exporting without political barriers, such as tariffs or taxes.
- general election
- a regularly scheduled election for state, local, or federal officials
- geography
- the study of Earth's places and peoples
- glacier
- a huge mass of ice that moves slowly over land
- glossary
- an alphabetical listing of important words and their definitions
- government
- the system of laws and political bodies that make it possible for nation, a state, or a community to function
- graph
- a drawing that is used to compare numerical information
- gross national product(GNP)
- the money value of all good, sevices, and products of a nation's industries.
- groundwater
- an underground source of water, such as a spring, well, pond, or aquifer
- guerrilla
- a fighter or style of fighting that uses irregular and indeoendent tactics
- gun control
- legal limits on the sale of guns to the public
- hasty generalization
- a broad statement based on little or no evidence
- hazardous waste
- something thrown away that is harmful to the environment
- iceberg
- a huge block of floating ice that has broken off from a glacier
- immigrant
- a person who moves from his or her homeland to another country
- immune
- protected against a disease
- impeach
- to accuse a public official of misconduct; sometimes to additionally remove that public official from office
- implied
- suggested, but not stated outright
- import
-
1) to bring in or purchase goods from another country
2) a good brought into a country from another country - incentive
- a reason for action
- income tax
- a tax on person's earnings
- indentured servant
- a person who works for a set period of time in exchange for something of value, such as fare to another country
- indict
- to formally charge someone with a crime
- inelastic supply
- an amount of good or service that cannot change
- inference
- an idea a person figures out based on details in given material and on what the person already knows
- interdependent
- several parts, such as nations, relying on one another to be successful
- interest
- the fee paid for borrowing money
- interned
- to be forced to live in a camp away from home
- internet
- a network of computers connected by telephone lines
- internship
- a temporary job assignment
- job rotation
- a system that trains workers in many tasks so they can step into otherjobs when the need arises
- job shadowing
- following a worker on a typical day to observe his or her job responsibilities
- judicial branch
- the branch of government that interprets laws
- judicial review
- the federal courts' power to determine whether a law or an excutive action follows the Constitution
- justice
-
1) fair and equal treatment under the law
2) a judge who serves on Supreme Court - labor force
- all the people capable of working
- labor union
- a group of workers organized to improve working conditions and to protect the interests of its members
- landfill
- a palce where trash id buried
- laser
- a narrow beam of intense light
- latitude
- distance north or south of the equator
- legislative branch
- the branch of government that makes laws
- legislature
- a group of persons that makes the laws of nation or state
- liberal
- a person who supposrts political change
- line graph
- a graph using lines to show how something increses or decreses over time
- literate
- able to read and write
- logic
- a systemic method of thinking that is based on reasoning corrrectly
- longitude
- distance east or west on earth, measured from the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England; also called meridians
- main idea
- the topic of a paragraph, passage, or diagram
- market
-
1) a palce where buyers and sellers meet
2) potential customers for a product or service - master
- an experienced tradesperson
- media
- agencies of communication, such as televison, radis, newspapers, and magazines
- mediator
- a person who settles differences between persons or groups
- mentoring
- teaching a less experienced person about a job through example and discussion
- meridians
- the lines on a map or globe that are used to measure distances east and west on Earth; lines of longitude
- microchip
- a tiny electrical circuit
- migrate
- to move from one place to another
- minutemen
- American colonists who were ready to fight a minute's notice
- mission
- a settlement centered around a church, established for purpose of winning people over to religion
- navigator
- a person who charts the position and course of a ship during a voyage
- net income
- money left after taxes are paid
- neutral
- refusing to be on one side or the other
- nominate
- to choose a canditate to run for an elected office
- opinion
- a statement that expresses what a person or group thinks or believes
- opportunity cost
- the cost of choosing one thing over another
- orchestra
- a large group of people who plays a variety of musical instruments together
- ordinance
- a law or regulation
- override
- to cancel the excutive branch's veto or rejection of a proposed law
- overgrazing
- the practice of letting too many animals feed on an area's grasses of of letting animals feed in one place for too long
- paralles
- the lines on a map or globe that are used to measure distances from the equator; lines of latitude
- parliament
- a lawmaking body
- peasant
- a poor person who owns or rents a small piece of land that he or she farms, especially in poorer countries
- pendulum
- a suspended weight, usually in a clock, that swings back and forth at regular intervals
- persuasive
- intended to encourage people to have certain opinion or to take a certain action
- point of view
- how someone feels or thinks
- political action committee(PAC)
- a group that gives money to candidates who have interests similar to its own
- political cartoon
- a drawing that expresses an opinion about an issue
- political map
- a map that focuses on showing boundaries, such as those between countries or states
- political party
- a group of people who have similar ideas about an issue
- politics
- ideas and actions of government
- precipitation
- moisture that falls to Earth as rain, snow, or some other form
- predicting outcomes
- trying to figure out what the results of events will be
- primary election
- an election to choose delegates to the nominating convention at which a political party decides on candidates to run for office in the general election
- prime minister
- the head of parliament
- probable cause
- good reason to link a suspect with a crime and to make an arrest
- profit
- to make money by selling something at higher price than the original cost
- progressive tax
- a plan under which the percentage of person's wages paid as income tax increses as the wages increse
- property tax
- tax on value of something that person owns
- protectionist
- supporting tariffs on imports to protect a nation's own produces of goods and services
- province
- a political region in some countries that is similar to a state in the United States
- pueblo
- Native American settlements with apartment-like buildings
- quality circle
- a group of workers who check the quality of products and services they produce
- quota
- a set limit of something such as imports
- racist
- favoring one race of people over another
- recycling
- reusing solid and non-solid waste for the same or new purposes
- reformer
- a person who works to change things for the better
- regiment
- a large military group
- region
- an area thet differs in one or more ways from the places around it
- register
- to complete a form with such things as name, address, and date of birthin order to vote
- reparations
- money paid to make up for damages, such as suffering during wartime
- repeal
- to take back or do away with something, such as a law
- republic
-
1) a self-governing territory usually headed by a president
2) a government in which the power is given to elected officials who represent the people - revenue
- income collected or produced
- sales tax
- tax on a purchase
- sanction
- an economic or military measure used to force a nation to stop violating an international law or human right
- scale
- a set of marks that compares the distance on a map to actual diatance
- scarce
- describes a limited supply of something that is in demand
- self-defence
- to defend oneself or one's property
- seperation of powers
- a system that divides the functions of government among independent branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful
- sequence
- a series of events that follow one another in particular order
- service industry
- business that employes people who meet the needs of other people
- smallpox
- a deadly disease that has been virtually eliminated through vaccination
- soft money
- money donated to a political party for supposedly nonpolitical uses, and which is not subject to the limitations on campaign contributions
- sound
- a long, wide ocean inlet
- stock market
- a palce where shares in companies are bought and sold
- strike
- to stop work in protest
- suffrage
- the right to vote
- summmarize
- to reduce a large amount of information into a few sentences
- supply
- the amount of goods and services sellers are willing to offer at certain prices at a given time
- switchboard
- a device for controlling, connecting, and disconnectiong many telephone lines within one building or location
- table
- a type of list that organizes information in columns and rows
- tariff
- a tax on imports
- technology
- the tools and methods used to increse production
- telecommunications
- ways to send messages over long distances
- timeline
- an illustration that shows when a series of events took place and the order in which they occurred
- topic sentences
- the specific sentence in a paragraph that contains its main idea
- topsoil
- the soil on Earth's surface, in which the root of most plants ususlly take hold
- trade deficit
- the value of the nation's imports that exceeds the value of the nation's exports
- transistor
- a small device that controls the floe of the electricity in electronic devices
- tree line
- the beginning of an area where temperatures are too cold for trees to grow
- tropics
- the area on Earth that receives almost direct rays from the sun year-round