Psychology Vocab learning & memory
Terms
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- learning
- a relativly permanent change in an organism's behavior do to experience
- associative learning
- learning that certain even occur together. the events may be two stimuli (classical) or a response and its consequences (operant)
- classical conditioning
- an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditional stimulus
- unconditioned response (UCR)
- the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
- conditioned response (CR)
- previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)
- conditioned stimulus (CS)
- an origionally occuring irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
- unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
- what the primary goal is
- extinction
- the diminishing of a conditioned response. Response leaves when association leaves
- spontaneous recovery
- the reappearance after a rest period, of an extinguished conditional response
- stimulus generalization
- generalize that association
- stimulus discrimination
- recognizing that not everything is one generalization
- operant conditioning
- responses are controlled by its consequence
- shaping
- reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal
- parietal reinforcement
- doing something because someone or something else is telling you or reward
- intrinsic motivation
- doing something because you want to, like it
- extrinsic motivation
- doing something because you are told to or you are getting a reward
- modeling
- the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
- flashbulb memory
- a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
- encoding
- the process of informantion into the memory system, for example by extracting meaning
- storage
- the retention of encoded information over time
- retrieval
- the process of getting information out of memory storage
- sensory memory
- the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system
- short-term memory
- active memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten working memory is similar because it focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information
- long-term memory
- the relativly permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
- mneumonics
- memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
- chunking
- organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automantically. Magic 7
- amnesia
-
the loss of memory. antrograde-forget what happens after event
retrograde- forget what happens before event - hippocampus
- a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage
- implicit memory
- retention independant of concious recollection. also called proceedural memory
- explicit memory
- memory of facts and experiences that one can conciously know and 'declare' also called declarative memory
- recall
- a measure of memory in ehich the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
- recognition
- a measure of memory in which a person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
- source amnesia
- attributing to the wrong source an event that we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.