Cultural Anthropology 2
Terms
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- A domestic group is:
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-household unit usually members of a family
-group of ppl that eat, sleep, hunt together
-varies from society to society who the members are - The functions of the domestic group are: (3 things)
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-constructed by the idea of "husband and wife"
1. have to be able to socialize children
2. provide for own defense
3. a form of productivity (garner food/shelter) - Nuclear family often fail because: (3 things)
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1. because it is ideally regarded as egalitarian, but that’s not always the case (but presently moms have to take care of kids and work.
2. high rate of divorce and remarriage complicates kinship networks.
3. single parent households - Marriage is a means of gaining control over: (5 things)
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1. sexual access of husband and wife to each other
2. rights over any children born to wife
3. obligations of parents to care for children they born
4. rights of husband and wife to the economic services of the other
5. give families of bride and groom the right of goods/services from eachother - Brideprice
- groom's kin gives cash or goods to the bride's kin to seal the marriage
- Define Ritual:
- performance of more or less invariance sequences of acts and utterances not encoded by the performance.
- Matrilineal descent:
- descent from the mother's line
- Kinship
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-relationships through blood or marriage
-the way in which we calculate our relationship in realtion to other people - An affine is:
- relationships through marriage
- Incest taboo: (2 things)
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1. prohibition on sexual relations among relatives.
2. every society has religion but all are different(ex. mex catholicism and spanish catholicism). - How do we evaluate the quality of anthropological analyzes: (3 things)
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1. does it correspond to the world? (have correct facts)
2. logically coherent? (does each part of the analysis line up? must have logical relationship between cause and effect)
3. is it comprehensive (does it do everything it claims?) - Descent differs from kinship in that:
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-descent establishes relationship between child and parents
-kinship establishes relationship between anybody thru blood and marriage - The West often has tense relations with postcolonial people because:
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they try to impose their view of the world on them
(ex. christianity, capitalism) - Politics refers to: (4 things)
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1. bands
2. tribal
3. chiefdoms
4. state societies/nation states - Critical features of ritual are: (4 things)
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1. always involves a performance
2. invoke supernatural to give a greater meaning
3. done publicly
4. involves a level of formality - What are some of the means of maintaining law and order: (6 things)
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1. internalization of norms and values
2. use force and control over social institutions and regulatory processes
3. supernatural sanctions(to sin)
4. gossip and ridicule
5. fear of witchcraft accusations
6. fear of becoming a social outcast - Overall goals of anthropology:
- to be able to compare human societies and cultures
- Social Class
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-formal recognition that individuals differ (intelligence, birth, etc.)
-system that separates a populous into kinds of people whose status and resources vary - The movie tree people of new guinea:
- legal system
- Canonical message:
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-a dimension of religion that is unchanging
-represents flow of lineage/society - Fundamental element of ritual:
- performance
- Class membership in the US is based on:
- a structured form of inequality where you always recognize class different based on social, economical, and cultural capital
- Rituals are composed of what kind of messages: (2 things)
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1. canonical messages- dimension of religion that is totally unchanging and represents flow of lineage/society
2. indexical messages- focuses on all kinds of info. on current states of affairs that need to be translated (who gets what from the pork) - Religion: (Clifford Geertz)
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-system of symbols that produces moods and motivations by creating conceptions of a general order of existence
-symbols are so fundametal to social life itself they appear uniquely existent - Why do religions use symbols: (2 things)
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1. to express their beliefs and understandings
2. to express complex and abstract ideas that the common person can understand - How does religion bring oder to the universe: (3 things)
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1. analytical function- view world in order of meaning
2. explain limits of human existence
3. to establish good and evil - What is an important concept in most religions: (2 things)
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1. the supernatural
2. social transcendents (temporally and spatially) - Class identity in the US is based on:
- the intersection of social capital, economical capital, and cultural capital
- Key feature of state societies: (4 things)
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1. language
2. citizenship
3. kin ties no longer extend through the whole society
4. government that is separate from things like kinship - Ecclesiastical religions involve:
- a profession clergy that has a monopoly on religious authorities (catholicism, judaism)
- Durkheim related the sacred to:
- religion itself is the projection of society itself
- Anthropologists are interested in Nayar marriage patterns because:
- shows extraordinary level of difference and individuality because she doesn't need her husband
- Why do religions use art, music and smells:
- moves you on a bodily level
- What do Nayar marriage patterns demonstrate:
- matrilineal society
- Maring marriage involves:
- gradual convergence of two lines that form a perfect union when both are dead and buried in the same grave
- A social father is:
- the person who is recognized as being the father (raises the child despite sperm donor)
- A critical effect of capitalism on the US has been: (3 things)
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1. dimension of family
2. stess on individualism
3. class - The Maring embraced Christianity because: (7 things)
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1. saw it as the modern religion
2. belief system of business
3. technology
4. consumer goods
5. mass media
6. forms of wealth creation
7. elude the grasp of senior clansmen - Define ideology:
- native conceptualization about how their society, or parts of their society, function
- Science overcomes the effects of ideology by:
- it adopts a scientific perspective rather than a religious or commonsense one
- What happens to the participants during a ritual: (2 things)
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1. undergo a transformation
2. give messages to themselves - 3 types of descent:
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1. patrilineal- father's decent line
2. matrilineal- mother's decent line
3. cognatic decent- through both lines simultaneously (like ours) - What are the main functions of political systems: (6 things)
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1. internalization of norms and values
2. The leader uses his own goals to form the society’s goals
3. stabilize social order
4. avoid/resolve conflict
5. promote general welfare
6. change or destroy existing political systems - What is the political process:
- the ways in which individuals and groups use power to achieve public goals
- How is ideology related to social life:
- its created by social individuals occupying a specific standpoint within the social system
- Why are anthropologists interested in ideology:
- ideology is in every society therefore needs to be researched itself in order to understand each society better
- The most critical effects of Westernization on the Maring were: (3 things)
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1. sons go away to start their own business
2. daughters speak their mind and marry who they choose
3. elders are respected but no one listens to their wisdom