Facial paralysis
Terms
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- The temporal branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- frontalis muscle, corrugator supercilii, procerus
- The temporal/zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- orbicularis oculi
- The zygomatic/buccal branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- zygomaticus major
- The buccal branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, risorius, buccinator, levator anguili oris, nasalis
- The buccal/mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- dpressor anguli oris
- The mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- depressor labii inferioris, mentalis
- The cervical branch of the facial nerve innervates which muscles?
- platysma
- The nerve to posterior digastric and stylohyoid muscle innervate which muscles?
- anterior belly of diagrstric muscle and stylohyoid muscles
- The somatic afferent fibers of the facial nerve innervates what?
- skin of the external auditory meatus
- The greater palatine nerve innervates what?
- palatal, nasal and pharyngeal mucosa
- What does the chorda tympani innervate?
- submandibular and sublingual glands, taste buds of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- What does the greater superficial petrosal nerve innervate?
- lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands
- What does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate?
- parotid gland
- What is the function of the frontalis muscle?
- brow elevation
- What is the function of the corrugator supercilii?
- brow medialization/depression
- What is the function of the procerus?
- brow depression; production of transverse wrinkles of the nasal radix
- What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?
- eyelid closure
- What is the function of the zygomaticus major?
- lateral upper lip elevation (primary smile actuator)
- What is the function of the zygomaticus minor?
- upper lip elevation
- What is the function of the levator labii superioris?
- upper lip elevation; elevation of nasolabial fold
- What is the function of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?
- upper lip elevation; elevation of medial-most nasolabial fold
- What is the function of the risorius?
- oral commisure lateral retraction (additional smile actuator)
- What is the function of the buccinator?
- cheek compression
- What is the function of the levator anguli oris?
- oral commissure elevation and medialization
- What is the function of the nasalis?
- dilates and constricts nares (via transverse and alar heads)
- What is the function of the depressor anguli oris?
- oral commisure depression
- What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?
- lower lip depression
- What is the function of the mentalis?
- chin soft tissue elevation
- What is the function of the platysma?
- oral commisure depression
- What is the function of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle
- hyoid elevation
- What are the 2 causes of congenital (neonatal) facial paralysis?
- Mobius syndrome, obstetrical facial paralysis (from forceps)
- What is Mobius syndrome?
- a defect in development of facial nucleus; often associated with paralysis of extraocular muscles
- What infections are associated with facial paralysis?
- herpes zoster, bacterial otitis externa, bacterial otitis media, mastoiditis, parotitis, varicella zoster
- What is the most common form of facial paralysis?
- Bell's palsy
- What percentage of Bell's palsy patients have at least partial recovery?
- 90%
- What percentage of Bell's palsy patients have total recovery?
- 50%
- What is the treatment for Bell's palsy?
- steroids (need otherwise normal exam and normal audiogram first)
- What is Bell's phenomenon?
- presence of superolateral duction of the eye on attempting lid closure
- What are the motor branches of the facial nerve?
- temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical. Remember: Two Zebras Bit My Cat
- What are the 3 most common causes of adult facial paralysis?
- Bell's palsy, trauma, Ramsay Hunt syndrome
- What is the Ramsay Hunt syndrome?
- herpes zoster oticus which presents with facial paralysis and ear pain
- What nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
- trigeminal nerve