anthropology - test 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- the use of a symbol generally an animal or a plant as a physical representation for a group, generally a clan
- totemism
- a dramatic rendering or social portrayal of meanings shared by a specific body of people in a way that makes them seem correct and proper
- ritual
- the activities, including ritual, myth, art, dance, and music that dramatically depict the meanings shared by a specific body of people
- symboloic actions
- the idea that there is an explicit link between the grammer of language and the culture of the people who speak that language
- Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
- a figure of speech in which linguistic expressions are taken from one area of experience and applied to another
- metaphor
- a story or narrative that portrays the meanings people give to their experience
- myth
- the slow, often unacknowledged shift in someone's manner of interpreting events as he or she becomes involved with a particular activity
- interpretive drift
- the term suggested by anthony F. C. wallace for attempts by a people to construct a more satisfying culture
- revitalization movements
- a system in which individuals trace their descent through both parents
- bilateral kinship
- the family group consisting of father, mother, and thier own or adopted children
- nuclear family
- a system of descent in which persons are related to their kin through the mother only
- matrilineal kinship
- a system of descent in which persons are related to their kin through the father only
- patrineal kinship
- the requirement that when a couple marries, the groom must work for the bride's parents for some specified period of time
- brideservice
- a lineage that is formed by tracing descent in the female line
- matrilineage
- a family group based on blood relations of three or more generations
- extended family
- a rule that prohibits sexual relations among certain categories of kin, such as brothers or sisters, parents and children, or in some cases, cousins
- incest taboo
- a unilateral descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor
- clan
- a rule that requires a person to marry someone outside one's own group
- exogamy
- the valuables that a groom or his family are expected or obligated to present to the bride's family
- bridewealth
- the goods and valuables a bride's family supplies to the grooms family or to the couple
- dowry
- a form of marriage in which a person is permitted to have m ore than one spouse
- polygamy
- a form of marriage in which a man is permitted to have more than one wife
- polygyny
- a form of marraige in which a woman is permitted to have more than one husband
- polyandry
- a view of the self in which the individual cannot be conceived of as existing separately from society or apart from his or her status or role
- holistic
- the term suggested by arnold van gennep for rituals that mark a person's passage from one identity or status to another
- rites of passage
- related by blood
- consanguine
- values and attitudes that people have regarding maleness and femaleness
- gender
- the state of being on a threshold in space or time, threshold may be defined where many social meanings coalesce
- liminality
- corporate identity that villagers use to distinguish who a person can or cannot marry
- matrilineal clan
- strategies used to influence others, often with betel nuts
- magic spells
- biological differences between men and women
- sex
- the attempt to understand the beliefs and behaviors of other cultures in terms of the culture in which they are found
- relativism
- marrying within the group
- endogamy
- having permission of subject before conducting fieldwork
- informed consent
- the term suggested by anthony f.c. wallace for attempts by a people to construct a more satisfying culture
- revitalization movements
- the social principal that giving a gift creates social ties with the person receiving it, who eventually is obliged to reciprocate
- principle of reciprocity
- goods that carry little personal meaning, as distinguished from possessions, which are associated somehow with the producer and or distributor of the goods
- commodities
- a form of exchange in which persons share what they have with others but expect them to reciprocate later
- generalized reciprocity
- a form of exchange in which the object is to get something for nothing or to make a profit
- negative reciprocity
- the term suggested by marshall d sahlins for a form of exchange in which items of equal or near equal value are exchanged on the spot
- balanced reciprocity
- a theory based on the assumption that social hierarchy is necessary for the smooth functioning of society
- integrative theory of social stratificaton
- a system of social stratification based on income or possesion of wealth and resources. individual social mobility is possible in a class system
- social classes
- a system of social stratification based on assignment at birth to the ranked social or occupational groups of parents. there is no mobility from one caste to another and intermarriage may be forbidden
- caste
- something personal, or a possesion given that carries a meaning
- gift
- a complex and conflictual web of beliefs, symbols, modes of interaction, values, and ideologies that have emerged in opposition to exclusion from mainstream society
- street culture
- network formed, even though there are no biological ties
- kinship idiom