C.A. Exam 2
Terms
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- Language
- A system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules.
- Descriptive Linguistics
- The branch of linguistics that involves unraveling a language by recording, describing, and analyzing all of its features.
- Phonemes
- The smallest units of sound that make a difference in meaning in a language.
- Syntax
- The patterns or rules for the formation of phrases and sentences in a language.
- Kinesics
- A system of notating and analyzing postures, facial expressions, and body motions that convey messages.
- Voice Qualities
- In paralanguage, the background characteristics of a speaker's voice, including pitch, articulation, tempo, and resonance.
- Vocal Qualifiers
- In paralanguage, vocalizations of brief duration that modifiy utterances in terms of intensity. These include volume, pitch, and tempo.
- Historical Linguistics
- The branch of linguistics that studies the histories of and relationships between languages, both living and dead.
- Glottochronology
- In Linguistics, a method for identifying the approximate time that languages branced off from a common ancestor. It is based on analyzing core vocabularies.
- Creole
- A pidgin language that has become the mother tongue of society.
- Linguistics Relativity
- The proposition that language plays a fundamental role in shaping the way members of a society think and behave.
- Code Switching
- The process of changing from one language or dialect to another.
- Self-Awareness
- The ability to identify oneself as an individual creature, and to reflect, evaluate, and to react to oneself.
- Dependence Training
- Child-rearing practices that foster compliance in the performance of assigned tasks and dependence on the domestic group, rather than reliance on oneself.
- Core Values
- Those values especially promoted by a particular culture.
- Ethnic Psychoses
- Mental disorders specific to particular ethnic groups.
- Cultural Adaptation
- A complex of ideas, activities, and technologies that enable people to survive and even thrive in a certain environment
- Cultural Ecology
- The dynamic interaction of specific cultures with their environments.
- Food Foraging
- Hunting, fishing, and gathering animal and wild plant foods.
- Neolithic Revolution
- The profound culture change associated with the early domestication of plants and animals.
- Intensive Agriculture
- Crop cultivation using technologies other than hand tools, such as irrigation, fertilizers, and machinery or the wooden or metal plow pulled by harnessed draft animals.
- Preindustrial City
- The kinds of urban settlements that are characteristic of nonindustrial civilizations.
- Signals
- Instinctive sounds or gestures that have a natural or self-evident meaning.
- Phonetics
- The systematic identification and description of distinctive speech sounds in a language.
- Morphology
- In linguistics, the study of the patterns or rules of word formation in a language (including such things as rules concerning verb tense, pluralization, and compound words).
- Grammar
- The entire formal structure of a language, including morphology and syntax.
- Proxemics
- The cross-cultural study of humankind's perception and use of space.
- Vocalizations
- Identifiable paralinguistic noises that are turned on and off at perceivable and relatively shory intervals. *includes vocal characterizers, qualiviers, and segregates*
- Vocal Segregates
- In paralanguage, vocalizations that resemble the sounds of language but do not appear in sequences that can properly be called words. Sometimes called "oh oh expressions."
- Language Family
- A group of lnaguages descended from a single ancestral language.