Gene Expression
Terms
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- Genes can switch on/off how?
- block transcription of mRNA
- repressor
- block transcription operon specific binds to operator
- operator
- DNA segment "on-off switch" repressor binding site
- operon
- promoter, operator and genes
- Lac Operon
- always repressed until lactose binds to the alosteric site of repressor to make it change shape to turn on gene
- Tryp Operon
- tryptophan aa, always on until excee trypt changes repressor shape to turn operon off
- repressible enzyme
- tryp operon feedback inhibition
- iducible enzyme
- lac operon systhesis of mRNA
- point mutations
- silent, missense and nonsense. change of one aa --> no aa change, 1 aa change, causes a stop codon repectively
- coding vs. nocoding
- exons, leaders, tailers and introns that are excised w/ snRNP
- gel electrophoreis
- process of seperating DNA fragments or protein according to size, charge
- restriction endonucleases
- cleaves dna in palidromic specifc sequences
- recombinant DNA
- Genetically engineered DNA prepared by transplanting or splicing genes from one species into the cells of a host organism of a different species. Such DNA becomes part of the host's genetic makeup and is replicated.
- Transformations
- DNA is taken up and then expressed in a host cell
- down side of using bacteria to express gene
- prok. lack certain part for gene expression , euk. genes may be too large, may lack post tranlational modification
- monohybrid
- one gene is hetero.
- dihibrid
- two genes are hetero.
- codominant
- both alles are expressed IaIb blood type
- incomplete dominance
- intermediate phenotype
- sex-linked
- X chromosome trait color blindness, hemophelia
- amniocentesis
- removes amniotic fluid, check for certain chemicals , grow cells in culture and karyotype (10ml)
- Chorionic Villus Sampling CVS
- tissue taken from chrioinc villi of placenta
- peloitrophy
- genes that has many phenotypic effects ex. sickle-cell anemia
- polygeneic inheritance
- more than 1 pair of alleles that control 1 characteristic ex. skin color
- epistasis
- diff. genes work together to control 1 phenotype ex. melanin deposit genes and coat color