Anatomy and Physiology Marieb
Terms
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- Regional Anatomy
- Study of structures in a particular area of the body
- Systemic Anatomy
- Study of anatomy based on systems
- Surface Anatomy
- How internal structures relate to the overlying skin
- Microscopic Anatomy
- includes cytology and histology
- Developmental Anatomy
- Changes in body growth
- Embryology
- Study of the formation of the newborn
- Pathologic Anatomy
- Studies changes caused by disease
- Radiographic Anatomy
- Structures seen by xray
- Molecular Biology
- Study of biology at the smallest level
- 4 main tissue types
- Epithelial, muscle, connective and nervous
- 11 organ systems
- Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous,endocrine, lymphatic, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive
- Language of anatomy is based on
- Latin roots and universally accepted
- Anatomical Position
- Feet slightly spread with hands open at sides
- Supine Postion
- lying flat on the back
- Prone Postion
- lying face down
- Gross Anatomy
- The study of body structures visible to the naked eye
- Mesentery
- An apronlike serous membrane; suspends many of the difestive organs in the abdominal cavity.
- Pleural
- Lining of the lungs
- Peritoneum
- lining of the abdomen
- Axial part
- Head, neck and trunk
- Appendicular Part
- legs and arms and their attachements to the Axial
- Axillary
- in the armpit
- Brachial
- the arm
- Buccal
- the cheek
- Carpal
- wrist
- Cervical
- neck
- coxal
- hip
- crural
- leg
- Digital
- Fingers or toes
- Femoral
- thigh
- Frontal
- Forehead
- Hallux
- Big toe
- Inguinal
- groin
- Mammary
- breast
- Mental
- chin
- Nasal
- Nose
- Oral
- Mouth
- Orbital
- eye socket
- Palmar
- palms of hands
- Patellar
- knee cap
- Pedal
- foot
- Pelvic
- Bony sturctures and the area surrounding the female genitalia
- Peroneal (Fibular)
- The side of the leg
- Pollex
- thumb
- Pubic
- genital region
- Sternal
- breastbone
- Tarsal
- ankle
- Thoracic
- Chest
- Umbilical
- navel
- Acromial
- the shoulder
- Calcaneal
- heel of the foot
- Cephalic
- head
- Dorsum
- back
- Gluteal
- buttocks
- Lumbar
- the back between the hips and the ribs
- Manus
- hand
- Occipital
- the back of the head or base of the skull
- Olecranel
- back of the elbow
- Otic
- ear
- Perineal
- the place between the vagina or the penis and the anus
- Plantar
- sole of the foot
- Popliteal
- back of the knee
- Sacral
- the lowest portion of the spine between the hips
- Scapular
- the shoulder blade
- Sural
- Calf or back of leg
- Vertebral
- the spinal column
- Superior
- above
- Inferior
- below
- Anterior
- In front of
- Posterior
- in back of
- Medial
- Closer to the midline
- Lateral
- Away from the midline
- Cephalad (cranial)
- toward the head
- Caudal
- Toward the tail or tailbone
- Dorsal
- the back side
- Ventral
- the anteror or belly side
- Proximal
- close to the trunk of the body
- Distal
- Further from the trunk of the body
- Superficial
- at the surface
- Deep
- Away from the surface
- Section
- cut through a tissue or body
- Plane
- orientation of an imaginary line drawn through a tissue, body or organ
- Sagittal plane
- runs up and down, divides the body into right and left parts
- Midline sagittal or median plane
- down the center
- Parasagittal
- down the body off center
- Frontal Plane (coronal plane)
- runs up and down dividing the body into front and back
- Transverse plane (cross section)
- horizontal cut which divides the body into superior and inferior parts
- Thoracic cavity
- Ventral, contains heart and lungs and mediastinum
- Mediastinum
- Area between the heart and lungs
- Abominopelvic cavity
- usually separated into the abdominal and pelvic cavities
- Pelvic Cavity
- Ventral-bony pelvic, reproductive organs, bladder and rectum
- Dorsal Cavity
- Back of the body-contains the Cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity
- Ventral Cavity
- front of body contains the Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- Cranial cavity
- Dorsal contents of the skull
- Vertebral cavity
- dorsal spinal column
- Abdominal Cavity
- Ventral usually divieded into quadrants
- Minor Body Cavities
- Oral, Nasal, Orbital, Middle ear, Synovial Cavities.
- Synovial Cavities
- joints
- Nine regions of Abdomen
- Hypochondirac/epigastric/hypochondriac---Lumbar/umbilical/lumbaf---iliac/hypogastric/iliac
- iliac
- also called inguinal region
- Visceral Serosa
- Body Membrans covers the body organs
- Serous Menmbrane
- lines the body cavities
- Parietal serose
- Covers the body walls
- Pleura
- lining of the lungs
- Right Hypochondriac region organs
- liver, gallbladder
- Right Lumbar region organs
- Ascending colon of large intestine
- Right iliac (inguinal) region organs
- cecum
- Epigastric regions organs
- stomach
- Umbilical region organs
- Transverse colon of large intestine, small intestine,
- Hypogastric (pubic region) organs
- Appendix, urinary bladder
- Left Hypochondriac region organs
- Diaphragm,
- Left Lumbar region organs
- Descending colon of the large intestine
- Left iliac (inguinal) region organs
- Initial part of sigmoid colon
- Axial region
- Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum
- Trunk region
- thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum
- Appendicular region
- Limbs
- Thymus
- irregular mass of glandular tissue overlaying the heart
- Heart
- Medial oval sturcture enclosed within the pericardium (serious membrane sac)
- Lungs
- flanking the heart of either side
- Trachea
- tubelike "windpipe" running medially down the throat; part of the respiratory system
- Bronchi
- Two passageways that plunge laterally into the tissue of the two lungs
- Esophagus
- A food chute; the part of the digestive system that transports food from the pharynex (throat) to the stomach
- Diaphragm
- A thin muscle attached to the inferior boundary of the rib cage; separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
- Stomach
- A curved organ important in food digestion and temporary food storage
- Small intestine
- Connected to the stomach and ending just before the saclike cecum
- Large intestine
- A large muscular tube connected to the small intestine and ending at the anus
- Cecum
- The initial portion of the large intestine
- Rectum
- Terminal part of the large intestine; continuous with the anal canal
- Anus
- The opening of the digestive tract (through the anal canal) to the exterior
- Pancreas
- A diffuse gland; rests dorsla to and in the mesentery between the first portion of the small intestine and the stomach
- Spleen
- A dark red organ curving around the left lateral side of the stomach; considered part of the lymphatic system and often called the red blood cell graveyard.
- Liver
- Large and brownish red; the most superior organ in the abdominal cavity, directly beneath the diaphragm
- Kidneys
- Bean-shaped organs; retroperitoneal
- Adrenal glands
- Large endocrine glands that sit astride the superior margin of each kidney; considered part of the endocrine system
- Ureter
- Tube running from the indented region of a kidney to the urinary bladder
- Urinary bladder
- The sac that serves as a reservoir for urine
- Inferior vena cava
- The large vein that returns blood to the heart from the lower regions of the body
- Descending aorta
- Deep to the inferior vena cave; the largeest artery of the body; carries blood away from the heart down the midline of the body
- a&p
- done