biology ch.17
Terms
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copy deck
- what is a genome?
- entire dna sequence of an organism
- what do genetic maps do?
- show the relative location of genes on a chromosome as determined by recombination frequencies; cM
- what are physical maps?
- diagrams showing the relative position of landmarks within specific a dna sequence; bp
- what is a contig?
- continuous segment of genome
- what are artificial chromosomes?
-
vecor-used in cloning lsrger pieces of dna
-yeast artifi. chromo. (YAC)
-bacterial art. chrom. (BAC) - what is clone-by-clone sequencing?
-
cloning larger inserts;
consruct a physical map first, then use it to place the site of BAC clones for later sequencing;
if 2 BAC clones have same STS, this means they overlap - what is shotgun sequencing?
- sequence ll cloned fragments & use a computer to put together overlaps
- what is a consensus sequence?
- multiple copies used to determine the most accurate sequence
- what is the human genome project?
- International H.G. seq. consortium; human genome has 3.2 gigabases; announced on June 26, 2000 entire genome had been sequenced
- what are bioinformatics?
- uses computer programs to search for genes, compare genomes, & assemble genomes
- what is an open reading frame (ORF)?
- section of dna that codes for a protein
- what is an expressed sequence tag (EST)?
- a sequence tagged site used to identify genes
- what are the four classes of protein-encoding genes found in eukaryotes?
-
1.)single-copy genes-single copy on a chromosome
2.)segemental duplications- blocks of genes copied from one chromo. to another
3.)multigene families-groups of related genes that occur in clusters
4.)tandem clusters-ident. copies transcribe simult. which increases the amount of mRNA for protein productio - what are the six major types of noncoding dna?
-
1.)noncoding dna w/in genes-introns
2.)struct. dna-regions around the cntromere or ends of chromo. that remain condensed
3.)simple sequence repeats- a repeated nucleotide seq.
4.)segmented duplications-blocks of seq, duplicated and moved
5.)pseudogenes-inactivates genes that may have lost funct. b/c of mutation
6.)transposable elements-pieces of dna that can jump from one location on a chromo. to another - what is synteny?
- refers to conserved arrangements of dna segments in related genomes
- what is functional genomics?
- the study of the functions of genes and their products.
- how are dna microarrays made?
- dna fragments are deposited on a microscope slide
- what is proteomics?
- cataloging and analyzing every protein in the human body
- what is transcriptome?
- all the rna present ina tissue at a specific time
- what are three areas that genomics can improve?
- medical diagnostics, agriculture, and biological weapons
- what are some potential problems with genomics?
-
-gene patents
-privacy concerns