TAMS, Dr. Burleson, Biology, Ch. 8
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is energy? What is kinetic energy? Potential energy?
- The capacity to do work. Energy of motion. Stored energy.
- What are thermodynamics?
- Changes in heat.
- What is a calorie? Is it the same as a dietary calorie?
- The energy required to raise one gram of water's heat by one degree Celsius. No. A dietary calorie is a kilocalorie.
- What is heat?
- The measure of random motion of particles
- What is the first law of thermodynamics?
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change form. (Some of this energy can be "lost" as heat)
- What is the second law of thermodynamics?
- Disorder (entropy) is constantly increasing in the universe. (Matter being converted to energy)
- During oxidation, an atom _____ an electron. During a reduction, an atom ______ an electron.
- Loses, Gains
- A reaction where an oxidation and a reduction occur is called a ______ reaction.
- Redox
- What is "Free Energy"? What are its units?
- The amount of energy actually available to break and then subsequently form chemical bonds. Gibbs' (G).
- What is an endergonic reaction? What is an exergonic reaction?
- A reaction that requires a net input of energy. A reaction that has a net output of energy.
- What is the formula for free energy?
- G=H-TS G=Gibbs' (Free energy). H=entalpy (energy in the chemical bonds). S=entropy (energy unavailable because of disorder). T=Absolute Temperature (Kelvin)
- What is activation energy?
- The extra energy required to break down existing chemical bonds to start a reaction.
- What does a catalyst do?
- It lowers the activation energy of a reaction.
- What are enzymes?
- Biological catalysts usually composed of globular proteins.
- What are the substances that bind to enzymes? Where on the enzyme do they bind?
- Substrates. Active Sites.
- What are multienzyme complexes?
- Groups of several enzymes that catalyze the individual steps of a sequence of reactions that are associated with one another.
- The rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction increases with _____, but only to an optimum point. Enzymes also have an optimal ___.
- Temperature, pH
- What are inhibitors and their two types?
- Inhibitors are substances that bind to enzymes to decrease their activity. Competitive and Noncompetitive.
- What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?
- Competitive inhibitors bind to and block the active site. Noncompetitive ones bind to an allosteric site
- What are activators?
- Substances that bind to enzymes to increase their activity.
- What is ATP? What is its function? What is the functional part of ATP?
- Adenosine Triphophate. It is the chief energy currency of the cell. The triphophate group (its bonds hold the energy).
- What is metabolism?
- The total of all chemical reactions in an organism.
- What are biochemical pathways?
- The organization units of metabolism.
- What is anabolism? Catabolism?
- Reactions that expend energy. Reactions that harvest energy.
- What is feedback inhibition?
- The regulation of biochemical pathways, by the product inhibiting the first enzyme.
- Who made these flashcards?
- Robert Fromm