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Medical Terminology Ch04

Terms

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ankyl/o
crooked/stiff
arthr/o
articul/o
joint
branchi/o
arm
cervic/o
neck
chondr/o
cartilage
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
dactyl/o
digit
fasci/o
fascia
femor/o
femur
fibr/o
fiber
kyph/o
humped-back
lei/o
smooth
lord/o
bent
lumb/o
loin (lower back)
myel/o
bone marrow/spinal cord
my/o
myos/o
muscul/o
muscle
oste/o
bone
patell/o
knee cap
pelv/i
pelv/o
hip bone/pelvic cavity
radi/o
radius
rhabd/o
rod shaped/striated
sarc/o
flesh
scoli/o
twisted
spondyl/o
vertebr/o
vertebra
stern/o
sternum
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
tendon
thorac/o
chest
ton/o
tone/tension
uln/o
ulna
appendicular skeleton
bones of shoulder, pelvis and upper and lower extremities
axial skeleton
bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone (base of tongue)
bone
connective tissue, composed of osteocytes
compact bone
tightly solid, strong bone tussue resistant to bending
spongy (cancellous) bone
mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals
long bones
bones of arms and legs
short bones
bones of wrist and ankles
flat bones
bones of ribs, shoulder blacdes, pelvis and skull
irregular bones
bones of vertebrae and face
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints (patella ie kneecaps)
epiphysis
wide ends of long bones
diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
metaphysis
growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
endosteum
membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
bone marrow
soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
red bone marrow
forms red blood cells, found in infants and flat bones of adults
yellow bone marrow
gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, stores fat tissue
periosteum
a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
articular cartilage
a gristlelike substance on bones where they articulate
articulation
a joint between two bones
bursa
a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
disk (disc)
flat, platelike structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertabrae to reduce friction
nucleus pulposus
soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disc
ligament
flexible band of fibrous tieeus that connects bone to bone
synovial membrane
membrane lining the capsule of a joint
synovial fluid
joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
muscle
tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
striated (skeletal) muscle
voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
smooth muscle
involuntary muscle found in the internal organs
cardiac muscle
muscle of the heart
origin of a muscle
muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when muscle contracts
insertion of a muscle
muscle end attached to the bone that moved when the muscle contracts
facia
band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscle
anatomical position
standing straight up, arms at sides palms out
body planes
refrence for location
coronal or frontal plane
vertical division of the body, into front and back
sagittal plane
horizontal division of the body, left and right
transverse plane
division of the body into upper and lower portions
anterior
font of the body
posterior
back of body
superior
situated above another structure
inferior
situated below another structure
proximal
towards the beginning or origin of a structure
distal
away from the beginning or origin of a structure
medial
towards the middle
lateral
towards the side
axis
line that runs the center of the body or part
erect
normal standing position
decubitus
lying down, especially in a bed
prone
lying face down
recumbent
lying down
supine
horizontal recumbent (lying flat on back)
flexion
bending at joint, angle decreased
extension
straightening at the joint so that the angle between bones is increased
abduction
movement AWAY from the body
adduction
movement TOWARDS the body
eversion
turning outward
inversion
turning inward
supination
turning upward or forward of the palmar surface
pronation
turning downward or backward of the palmar suface
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling toes downward
range of motion
total possible motion
goniometer
to measure range of motion
arthralgia
joint pain
atrophy
shrinking of tissue, muscle
crepitation
crepitus
grating sound made by movement of broken bone
exostosis
projection arusing from a bone that develops from cartilage
flaccid
flabby, relaxed
hypertrophy
increase in the size of muscle
hypotinia
reduced muscle tension
myalgia
myodynia
muscle pain
ostelgia
osteodynia
bone pain
rigor
rigidity
stiffness
spasm
contraction
spastic
uncontroled contractions
tetany
tension, prolonged
tremor
shaking, rhythmic, muscular movement
ankylosis
stiff joint condition
arthritis
inflammation of the joints, pain
osteoarthritis
more common form of arthrisis, in the knees and hips
rheumatiod arthritis
crippling. hands and feet, chronic inflammation
gouty arthritis
caused by urea, in big toe
bony necrosis
sequestrum
tissue that has died from blood loss
bunion
swelling of a joing at base of great toe
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
chondromalacia
softeming of cartilage
epiphysitis
inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone
closed fracture
broken bone with no open wound
open fracture
compound fracture, broken bone with open wound
simple fracture
one fracture line, non displaced. stress fracture
complex fracture
displaced fracture, requires manipulation or surgery to repair
fracture line
line of the break in a broken bone
comminuted fracture
broken into many pieces
greenstick fracture
incomplete break, children
herniated disk
protrusion of a disk, causes nerve pressure
myeloma
bone marrow tumor
myositis
inflammation of a muscle
myoma
muscle tumor
leiomyoma
smooth muscle tumor
leiomyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
osteoma
bone tumor
osteomalacia
softening of bone, vitamin deficiency
rickets
osteomalacia in children
osteomyelitis
infection of bone marrow, inflamation
osteoporosis
decreased bone density
kyphosis
humped back
lordosis
sway back
scoliosis
twisted back
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
spondylosis
stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae
sprain
injury to a ligament caused by a joint trauma, without dislocation or fracture
subluxation
partial dislocation
tendinitis
tendonitis
inflamation of a tendon
amputation
removal of a limb
arthrocentesis
puncture for aspiration of a joint
arthrodesis
binding or fusing of joint surfaces
arthroplasty
repair of a joint
open reduction, internal fixation
moving bones back into place, using plates and skrews
closed reduction, external fixation
external manipulation of a fracture, hold in place
closed reduction, percutaneous fixation
using pins through the skin to fix bones in place
orthosis
brace

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