Medical Terminology Ch04
Terms
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- ankyl/o
- crooked/stiff
-
arthr/o
articul/o - joint
- branchi/o
- arm
- cervic/o
- neck
- chondr/o
- cartilage
- cost/o
- rib
- crani/o
- skull
- dactyl/o
- digit
- fasci/o
- fascia
- femor/o
- femur
- fibr/o
- fiber
- kyph/o
- humped-back
- lei/o
- smooth
- lord/o
- bent
- lumb/o
- loin (lower back)
- myel/o
- bone marrow/spinal cord
-
my/o
myos/o
muscul/o - muscle
- oste/o
- bone
- patell/o
- knee cap
-
pelv/i
pelv/o - hip bone/pelvic cavity
- radi/o
- radius
- rhabd/o
- rod shaped/striated
- sarc/o
- flesh
- scoli/o
- twisted
-
spondyl/o
vertebr/o - vertebra
- stern/o
- sternum
-
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o - tendon
- thorac/o
- chest
- ton/o
- tone/tension
- uln/o
- ulna
- appendicular skeleton
- bones of shoulder, pelvis and upper and lower extremities
- axial skeleton
- bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone (base of tongue)
- bone
- connective tissue, composed of osteocytes
- compact bone
- tightly solid, strong bone tussue resistant to bending
- spongy (cancellous) bone
- mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals
- long bones
- bones of arms and legs
- short bones
- bones of wrist and ankles
- flat bones
- bones of ribs, shoulder blacdes, pelvis and skull
- irregular bones
- bones of vertebrae and face
- sesamoid bones
- round bones found near joints (patella ie kneecaps)
- epiphysis
- wide ends of long bones
- diaphysis
- shaft of a long bone
- metaphysis
- growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
- endosteum
- membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
- medullary cavity
- cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
- bone marrow
- soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
- red bone marrow
- forms red blood cells, found in infants and flat bones of adults
- yellow bone marrow
- gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, stores fat tissue
- periosteum
- a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
- articular cartilage
- a gristlelike substance on bones where they articulate
- articulation
- a joint between two bones
- bursa
- a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
- disk (disc)
- flat, platelike structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertabrae to reduce friction
- nucleus pulposus
- soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disc
- ligament
- flexible band of fibrous tieeus that connects bone to bone
- synovial membrane
- membrane lining the capsule of a joint
- synovial fluid
- joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
- muscle
- tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
- striated (skeletal) muscle
- voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
- smooth muscle
- involuntary muscle found in the internal organs
- cardiac muscle
- muscle of the heart
- origin of a muscle
- muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when muscle contracts
- insertion of a muscle
- muscle end attached to the bone that moved when the muscle contracts
- facia
- band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscle
- anatomical position
- standing straight up, arms at sides palms out
- body planes
- refrence for location
- coronal or frontal plane
- vertical division of the body, into front and back
- sagittal plane
- horizontal division of the body, left and right
- transverse plane
- division of the body into upper and lower portions
- anterior
- font of the body
- posterior
- back of body
- superior
- situated above another structure
- inferior
- situated below another structure
- proximal
- towards the beginning or origin of a structure
- distal
- away from the beginning or origin of a structure
- medial
- towards the middle
- lateral
- towards the side
- axis
- line that runs the center of the body or part
- erect
- normal standing position
- decubitus
- lying down, especially in a bed
- prone
- lying face down
- recumbent
- lying down
- supine
- horizontal recumbent (lying flat on back)
- flexion
- bending at joint, angle decreased
- extension
- straightening at the joint so that the angle between bones is increased
- abduction
- movement AWAY from the body
- adduction
- movement TOWARDS the body
- eversion
- turning outward
- inversion
- turning inward
- supination
- turning upward or forward of the palmar surface
- pronation
- turning downward or backward of the palmar suface
- dorsiflexion
- bending of the foot or the toes upward
- plantar flexion
- bending of the sole of the foot by curling toes downward
- range of motion
- total possible motion
- goniometer
- to measure range of motion
- arthralgia
- joint pain
- atrophy
- shrinking of tissue, muscle
-
crepitation
crepitus - grating sound made by movement of broken bone
- exostosis
- projection arusing from a bone that develops from cartilage
- flaccid
- flabby, relaxed
- hypertrophy
- increase in the size of muscle
- hypotinia
- reduced muscle tension
-
myalgia
myodynia - muscle pain
-
ostelgia
osteodynia - bone pain
-
rigor
rigidity - stiffness
- spasm
- contraction
- spastic
- uncontroled contractions
- tetany
- tension, prolonged
- tremor
- shaking, rhythmic, muscular movement
- ankylosis
- stiff joint condition
- arthritis
- inflammation of the joints, pain
- osteoarthritis
- more common form of arthrisis, in the knees and hips
- rheumatiod arthritis
- crippling. hands and feet, chronic inflammation
- gouty arthritis
- caused by urea, in big toe
-
bony necrosis
sequestrum - tissue that has died from blood loss
- bunion
- swelling of a joing at base of great toe
- bursitis
- inflammation of a bursa
- chondromalacia
- softeming of cartilage
- epiphysitis
- inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone
- closed fracture
- broken bone with no open wound
- open fracture
- compound fracture, broken bone with open wound
- simple fracture
- one fracture line, non displaced. stress fracture
- complex fracture
- displaced fracture, requires manipulation or surgery to repair
- fracture line
- line of the break in a broken bone
- comminuted fracture
- broken into many pieces
- greenstick fracture
- incomplete break, children
- herniated disk
- protrusion of a disk, causes nerve pressure
- myeloma
- bone marrow tumor
- myositis
- inflammation of a muscle
- myoma
- muscle tumor
- leiomyoma
- smooth muscle tumor
- leiomyosarcoma
- malignant smooth muscle tumor
- osteoma
- bone tumor
- osteomalacia
- softening of bone, vitamin deficiency
- rickets
- osteomalacia in children
- osteomyelitis
- infection of bone marrow, inflamation
- osteoporosis
- decreased bone density
- kyphosis
- humped back
- lordosis
- sway back
- scoliosis
- twisted back
- spondylolisthesis
- forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
- spondylosis
- stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae
- sprain
- injury to a ligament caused by a joint trauma, without dislocation or fracture
- subluxation
- partial dislocation
-
tendinitis
tendonitis - inflamation of a tendon
- amputation
- removal of a limb
- arthrocentesis
- puncture for aspiration of a joint
- arthrodesis
- binding or fusing of joint surfaces
- arthroplasty
- repair of a joint
- open reduction, internal fixation
- moving bones back into place, using plates and skrews
- closed reduction, external fixation
- external manipulation of a fracture, hold in place
- closed reduction, percutaneous fixation
- using pins through the skin to fix bones in place
- orthosis
- brace