Psych ch 6

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What is learning?: Process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in an organism's behavior or capablities.
What does ethology focus on?: evolution, functions of behavior, and adaptive significance
What classical conditioning?: learning process where an oraganism learns 2 stimuli unrelated... Pavlor experiment with the dogs
what are the 3 types of learning?: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning
What is an uncondition stimuli?: stimulus that automatically triggers a response
what is an unconditioned response?: an automatic response
what is are conditioned stimuli (CS)?: a neutral stimulus that leads to a conditioned response
what are conditioned reponses?: learned responses
What is opernant conditioning?: a type of learning in which behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it.... repear -> rewards.... avoid -> punished
what is observational learning?: learning through the experiences of others
What is generlization?: example: a person gets bit by a pitbull, and they become afraid of all dogs
What is discrimination?: example: The ablity to distinguish the difference between a car alarm and a fire alarm.
True or flase.... cognitive process and biological predisposition effects behaviorism?: true
What pyschologist is associated with operative conditioning?: Skinner
What is shaping?: reforcing by experimenter to get desired behavior
What are principles of reinforcement?: any consequences that strengthens behavior
what is positive reinforcement?: something desirable is added
what is negative reinforcement?: something undesirable is removed... you put on a jacket so you dont get cold
What is the differences between primary reinforces and secondary reinforces?: primary reinforces are stimuli that satisfy biological needs, secondary reinforces are strenghted by primary reinforces. examples of secondary reinforces are money, praise,grades etc
What is a fixed ratio schedule? What is it's response rate?: reinforcement after a certain number of responses
has a high response rate
what is a rariable ratio schedule? what is its response rate?: reinforcement after an unperdictable number of responses
high response rate, resistant to extinction
what is a fixed interval rate schedule? what is its response rate?: reinforcement only after a specifized time interval
response rate is slow after each reinforcement, increase right before next reinforcement

craming for a test is an example
what is a variable interval schedule? what is its response rate?: reinforcement at unpredictable times
steady rate of response
What are two ways to extinguish a behavior?: operant extinctintion- no reinforcement -> extinguishes behavior

punishment- weakens behavor, supresses behavior
What are 2 different types of punishment?: adversion- actively apply adversive response

response cost- behavior followed by removal of something
What are some important things to remember about punishment?: -behavior may be removed -> increase aggression, creation of fear, axeity, depression etc
-needs to be present immediatly
-tells what not to do, not what to do
-can backfire
-can have inhibiting effect
-avoid physical violence
-punisher associated with punishment
What is latent learning?: learning without reinforcement
what are the 4 steps to modelling behavior?: 1. attention
2. retentsion
3. reproduction
4. motivation (knowledge vs perforcemence)

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