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Ch. 3 History Vocab

Terms

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Nirvana
in Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment
Palestine
a region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea
Jainism
a religion founded in India in the 6th century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore should not be harmed
Siddhartha Gautama
the founder of Buddhism
Judah
the southern part of the "Israeli Kingdom"
Canaan
the ancient home of the Hebrews, later called the Jews
Minoans
a seafaring and trading people that lived on the island of Crete from about 2000-1400 BC
Brahmin
in Aryan society, a member of the social class made up of priests
Vedas
4 collections of sacred writings produced by Aryans during an early stage of their settlement in India
Anatolia
the southwest Asian peninsula now occupied by the Asian part of Turkey- also called Asia Minor
Migration
the act of moving from one place to another
Torah
the first 5 books in the Bible and considered the most sacred
Aryans
an Indo-European people who, about 1500BC, began to migrate into the Indian subcontinent
Karma
in Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth
Monotheism
a belief in a single god
Reincarnation
in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding
Enlightenment
in Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe
Moses
he led the Hebrews out of slavery
Covenant
a mutual promise or agreement-especially an agreement between God and the Hebrew people as recorded in the Bible
Caste
one of the 4 classes of people in the social system of the Aryans who settled in India- priests, warriors, peasants or traders, and non-Aryan laborers or craftsmen
Hittites
an Indo-European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000BC
Tribute
a payment made by a weaker power to a stronger power to obtain an assurance of peace and security
Israel
the new kingdom that was united under Saul, David, and Solomon
Phoenicians
a seafaring people of Southwest Asia, who around 1100BC began to trade and established colonies throughout the Mediterranean region
Indo-Europeans
a group of seminomadic peoples who, about 1700 BC, began to migrate from what is now southern Russia to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, and southwest Asia
Steppes
dry, grass-covered plains
King Minos
a king of the Minoans who legend has it owned a half-human, half-bull monster called the "Minotaur"
Knossos
the Minoans' capital city
Abraham
the "father" of the Hebrew people, chosen by God
Aegean Sea
a sea in the Mediterranean Region

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