World History Chapter 33
No Section 3
Terms
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- Guest Workers
- Since the 50s, immigrants from former colonies settled in Europe; some Europeans resented them, and so much discrimination; what were they called?
- Military, nuclear
- Russia's not a superpower anymore, but it still has influence by having a large _ and keeping a _ arsenal;
- Kosovo
- A Yugoslavian province had a historic part of Serbia, but over the centuries many Albanians, Muslim, settled there; So in 1989, Milosevic ended self-rule that Muslims had in this area; What was the area called?
- US
- Weakened by WWII and loss of an empire, Britain stepped down from global leadership and gave it to what country?
- Roman Catholic Church
- What was a key rallying point for the Poles to oppose the communist regime, and was very suppressed by communists?
- Sputnik
- In 1957, the Soviets launched an artificial satellite to orbit the earth; what was the name of the orbit?
- 1961
- The Berlin Wall was built in what year to stop thousands of East Germans in Berlin to flee to the West?
- Commonwealth of Nations
- Even though the British empire shrank, some colonies preserved ties by joining what organization?
- Dubcek, Czechoslovakia
- "Socialism with a human face." - Who says it? Where?
- Disarmament
- Mutual distrust blocked too much progress at _ talks to reduce the threat of nuclear destruction;
- Balance of Terror
- The Cold War triggered an arms race, and neither side dared to stop; each side wanted to have the power to deter the other from launching nuclear weapons; what was this called?
- Welfare State
- Roots in late 1800s; governments passed reforms to ease the hardships of the industrial age; during that time period Germany, Britain, and others set up unemployment insurance and old-age pensions; this leads to what in the modern day?
- Detente
- The American and Soviet leaders promoted an era of relaxed tensions called what?
- Labour Party
- In 1997, the British went back to the _ Party, with Tony Blair in office; wanted a "third way" between traditional right and left;
- Sphere of Influence
- After WWII, Soviet Union emerged as a super power and under Stalin it established a _ of _ from the Baltic to the Balkans;
- NATO
- In 1995 what group launched air strikes against the Bosnian Serb military?
- Market economy
- When Berlin was unified again, what did the east have to adapt to in w. Europe;
- Bad
- How did Britain feel about the euro being introduced? (good/bad)
- Insane Asylum
- Brezhnev hated dissidents; they could face arrestment and imprisonment or even being sent to an _ _.
- Common Market
- To get closer with other Western European nations, Britain joined what group in 1973?
- Industries
- Italy still remains divided; in the urban north, _ were rebuilt and prospered.
- International Monetary Fund, UN, World Bank
- New Nations had a hard time switching to market economies; Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus gave up nuclear weapons; what 3 groups did nations seek help from?
- Industries
- OPEC raises oil production in 73 and 79, causing a severe recession in most European countries; What is oil used to fuel in western Europe?
- Collectivized agriculture
- What remained so unproductive in the Soviet Union that they had to import grain to feed their people?
- entered NATO
- Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic; What do these three countries have in common, post-Cold War?
- Strengh
- What did Vladimir Putin portray the Russians have always traditionally admired in leaders, and something Russia really needed?
- A bureaucracy
- What determined what to produce, how much, and for whom in the Soviet Union, instead of supply-and-demand?
- Chechnya
- Minorities within Russia sought greater autonomy; in 1994 Yeltsin failed his attempt to crush a revolt in what region of the Cauacasus Mountains?
- Warsaw Pact, NATO
- Two hostile military alliances were formed: Communists in E. Europe who formed the _ _ and the western democracies who formed _.
- Serbo-Croatian; Serbia
- Yugoslavia was created after World War I with many republics - Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Montenegro; it had ethnic groups of Orthodox Christian Serbs, Roman Catholic Croats, and Muslim Bosnians; all spoke 1 similar language called what? What ethnic group dominated?
- algeria, vietnam
- Two French colonies waged colonial wars, that further drained France; What countries were they?
- Glasnost
- Gorbachev launched 1 of 2 efforts at home; this one is called openness. He ended censorship, and encouraged people to discuss the country's problems. What is it called?
- china, cuba
- Charles de Gaulle made peace with the Algerians without bloodshed; he developed a nuclear force; he opposed the cold war, so he chatted with 2 communist countries; which ones?
- European Parliament
- The Common Market/European Community set up a multinational body elected by citizens of the countries involved; the powers are limited, but still prospered; what did they set up?
- france
- The Fourth Republic, set up in 1946, was ineffective and widely criticized by all; What country was it set up in?
- The Dayton Accords
- When NATO launched air strikes, peace talks began; guided by the US Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia signed a series of peace agreements; what were they called?
- Gorbachev
- Whose reform(s) in Soviet Union brought about shortages, soaring prices, high unemployment, red unrest, etc?
- Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia
- After Tito dies, the ruling Serbs tried to keep the multinational state together, but republics declared independence. Which ones? (alpha)
- Perestroika
- Gorbachev launched 1 of 2 efforts at home; this one is about the restructuring of the government and economy; he hoped to boost efficiency by reducing the size of the bureaucracy. Backed some free market enterprise, though; What is this called?
- Labour Party
- What party did British voters put in power, hoping it could help the nation recover from WWII in 1945?; went to welfare states, unemployment insurance, old-age pensioins, nationalized industries, build housing for poor, and medicare; taxes rose tremendously
- Solidarity
- Lech Walesa organized an independent trade union with millions of members; shipyard workers; What was the name of their union?
- Higher taxes
- When Berlin was unified again, what did the west have to pay to finance rebuilding of the east?
- Poland
- Who was the Soviet Unions most troublesome satellite?
- Prices, unemployment
- To solve economic problems, Yeltsin gained western aid, more state-run industries, and collective farms; changed to a market economy; what two things soared out of control?
- Brezhnev Doctrine, Gorbachev
- Brezhnev wrote a doctrine that asserted that the SU had a right to intervene militarily in any Warsaw Pact Nation; he also pursued détente and disarmament with the US; What was the name of the Doctrine? Who renounced it?
- arms race
- The Cold War triggered an _ _, with both sides producing huge arsenals of nuclear weapons.
- Bosnia
- What province broke up in civil war among Muslims, Serbs, and Croats?
- Marshall Plan
- What plan helped western Europeans recover quickly from World War II?
- Mafia
- What is the name of a violent criminal syndicate that defied government efforts to end its power, especially in the south?
- Hungary, Freedom fighters
- Imre Nagy in what country ended 1 party rule and withdrew his country from the Warsaw Pact? Krushchev was mad, so a Hungarian group called _ _ fought; called for help from the west and none came.
- Muslims
- In Bosnia during the civil war, which group was the majority and didn't want the country to divide into ethnic regions?
- North, south
- Soviet backed governments in _ Vietnam and Korea; US backed governments in _ Vietnam and Korea;
- Corruption, financial scandals
- Political divisions in Italy lead to instability; since no one could win, Italy had a coalition after coalition. What two things added to instability? (alpha)
- Economic miracle
- Konrad Adenauer of W. Germany guided rebuilding of cities, factories and trade; this _ _ raised European fear of a revival; so, Germany worked closely with France and US, and played a key role in NATO and European Community;
- Kosovo Liberation Army
- After Milosevic ended self-Rule of Muslims in Kosovo, a small guerrilla warfare broke out; what was the name of it?
- East
- In Germany, Berlin was divided into 2 parts; Which of the sides was communist?
- Ostopolitik
- 1969 - W. German Chancellor Willy Brandt tried to ease tensions with the east; what did he call his policy? He kept close ties with west, but signed treaties with SU and Poland; signed a treaty of mutual reorganization with E. Europe;
- Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
- What stopped the détente between the Soviet Union and the United States in 1979?
- Serbia
- Yugoslavia got an air strike by UN and NATO, after demands to make peace failed; Yugoslavia finally withdrew from Kosovo, and international force helped Kosovars organize a gov. and rebuilt homes and factories; During this time, opposition to Milosevic's policies grew where? It led to a mass political opposition in 2000;
- European Union, Euro
- In the 1980s and 1990s, the Common Market took a new name; It promoted regional prosperity, peace, and security; it pushed for economic unity and greater political unity; also launched a currency used by member nations; What is the new name, and what is the name of the new currency?
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
- 1963's treaty banning the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere; underground was allowed still;
- De Stalinization
- Stalin's successor, Krushchev shocked members when he denounced his policy of what? It didn't change goals, but it reed many political prisoners, eased censorship, and called for a peaceful coexistence with the West to end the Cold War;
- Cyprus
- In 1967, military rulrs came to power in Greece; the government in 1974 supported an attempt to bring a Mediterranean Island inhabited by Greeks and Turks under Greek rule; What is the name of the island?
- 40 years
- How long did the Cold War last?
- forcibly kept
- The Berlin wall was embarrassing for the Soviets because it showed that workers had to be _ _ in the East.
- China, India, Japan
- The service industry was created when factories couldn't make goods as cheaply as elsewhere; what 3 major countries were the reason of this? (alpha.)
- Peasant
- Italy still remains divided; in the rural south, the _ population remained poorer;
- European Coal and Steel Community
- 1952 - France, West Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, and Luxembourg all set up a community; it regulates coal and steel industries of member states;
- Natural resources
- Unrest begins when Stalin forced satellites in the 1950s to sell _ _ only to the Soviet Union and provide troops and money to support the Warsaw Pact;
- Low output
- The result of inefficiencies in central economic planning in the Soviet Union was _ _.
- Jobs, Savings
- 1998 - Russia barely avoids financial collapse when it defaulted; the ruble collapsed; the economy survived but banks and businesses closed; what did people lose? (2)
- 1998
- Ireland won independence in 1922, but controlled 6 northern counties with a Protestant majority; violence escalated in 60s and 70s, by the (IRA); Peace talks were finally signed in what year?
- Nationalism
- What helped unite countries like Poland, but worked as a divisive force in countries with Ethnic tensions?
- Conservative Party
- In 1979, the British turned to which party, denouncing the welfare state as costly and inefficient? Lead by Margaret Thatcher; reduced social welfare programs, returned industries to private control; didn't revive economy as much as hoped
- Common Market, European Community
- 1957 - France, West Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, and Luxembourg all signed another treaty to expand free trade; it eventually ended tariffs and allowed workers and capital to move freely across borders; (2 Names; apha.)
- Serbs
- In Bosnia during the civil war, who wanted autonomous regions and received money from the Yugoslav president, Milosevic?
- Nationalized, expanded
- To revive their economy France _ some industries and _ social welfare benefits;
- Unwed Mothers
- Family life seemed less stable as the divorce rate climbed; at the same time, an increasing number of children were being born to _ _; dependent on 1 income, single-parent families saw poverty
- Hungary
- The thaw in the Cold War had limits; what country revolted and in 1956 Kruschev sent troops to smash them? He also clamped critics when they got to bold,
- Pope John Paul II
- What major religious leader went to Poland and met with Solidarity leaders?