Ch. 1
Terms
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- Hernan Cortes
- A Spanish explorer who is famous for conquering the Aztec empire and for founding Mexico city.
- Francisco Pizarro
- A Spanish conquistador who traveled through much of the Pacific Coast of America along Peru and founded Lima where he discovered and conquered the Incan Empire.
- The Spanish Conquistadors
- Royalties, Gold, God: their push. Their horeses and gunpowder quickly overpowered the Indians.
- Corn
- staple crop in highland Mexico due to warming climates. it transformed nomadic hunting bands into settled agricultural villagers. when it reached present dat Amercian southwest in 1200B.C. it powerfully molded Pueblo culture
- Encomienda
- Legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the Indian population in its American colonies. Puropose was to reduce the abuse of forced labor but it became a form of enslavement.
- Pueblo Peoples
- Native American people in S.W. U.S. who based their economy on agriculture and trade.
- The Iroquois Confederation
- Northeastern Woodlands. It developed the political and organizational skills to sustain its neighbors- the Native Americans and Europeans 1142
- Juan Ponce de Leon
- A Spanish explorer and soldier who was the 1st European to set foot on Florida, discovered the Gulf Stream, was searching for the legendary fountain of youth, and established the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico.
- Battle of Acoma
- The biggest confrontation b/w the Acoma people and the Spaniards. The Spanish won and the Indians were put to labor for 20-25 years as punishment.
- Pope's Rebellion
- An Indian revolt against the Christian missionaries who tried to suppress Native religious customs. Every Catholic church was destroyed and many Spanish settlers and priests were killed. It took nearly half a century for Spain to regain control.
- Bartolome de las Casas
- A Spanish colonist, priest and founder of a utopian comnnunity; he was a human rights advocate who spoke out against the "encomienda." He was the 1st ordained priest in the New World.
- Hernando de Soto
- A Spanish explorer who sailed to the Atlantic Ocean.
- Fransico Vasquez de Coronado
- A Spanish ruler, explorer and conquistador who was the first European to explore North America's southwest.
- Giovanni de Verrazano
- An Italian explorer of N. America who is known for being the 2st European to explore the Atlantic Coast b/w S. Carolina and Newfoundland.
- Ferdinand Magellan
- A Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition that sailed around the earth; he named the Pacific Ocean
- Three-sister farming
- produced highest polulation densities of the continent. ex. maize, corn, beans, and squash
- Giovanni Caboto
- An Italian navigato and explorer commonly credited as the 1st European to discover North America.
- Jacques Cartier
- A French sailor who claimed what is now Canada for France and was the 1st to describe and map the Gulf of Sain Lawrence River.
- Father Junipero Serra
- A Spanish Fransiscan Friar who founded the 1st mission chain in Alta California.
- "The Black Legend"
- A false legend that says that the Spanish were only cruel to the Indians.
- Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
- A Spanish explorer and conquistador noted for his exploration of the west coast of N. America and navigating to present-day California.
- Vasco Nunez Balboa
- A Spanish conquistador and explorer who was the first European to the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean in 1513 by crossing the Isthmus of Panama.
- Vasco da Gama
- Poruguese explorer and navigator who is famous for discovering an Ocean route from Portugal to the East (which was doomed impossible as it was believed that the Indian Ocean was not connected to any other seas.
- Robert de La Salle (AKA Cavalier)
- A French explore who claimed the entire Mississippi for France.
- Caravel
- a small, highly maneuverable ship created by the Portuguese in 1450. It helped them sail more closely to the wind.
- Bartholomeu Dias
- Portuguese navigator and explorer who is famous for being the first Europeans to lead a 1487 voyage around the Cape of Good Hope on the southernmost tip of Africa.
- Don Juan Onate de Salazar
- A Spanish ruler and colonial governor of New Spain who founded many settlements in present day S.W. of the U.S.