African/ World Civ Final
Terms
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- Oral traditions
- poems, songs, or stories passed by word of mouth from one generation to another
- Renaissance-
- or rebirth, a revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome that began around 1350*
- Timbuktu
- capital of Mali; center for Muslim art and culture
- Sundiata Keita
- early king of Mali
- Axum
- East African society; home of King Ezana*
- Archaeology
- study of past cultures from artifacts
- Sudanic Empires
- Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kanem-Bornu
- Karanga
- home of Great Zimbabwe*
- Askia Muhammad
- appointed Muslim judges to uphold Muslim law in the provinces
- Kingdom of Napata
- phase of the Kushite civilization
- Speculum Oris
- forced mouths open to feed slaves
- Thumb-Screw
- instrument thumbs are put into that causes torture by turning a key
- Chivalry-
- Chivalry
- Black Death-
- Bubonic Plague*
- Kinship
- family relationship
- Mali
- small Islamic state that broke away from Ghana; a Sudanic empire of West Africa
- Akenaten
- sky god or sun god
- Hajj
- Arabic meaning "pilgrimage"
- The United Nations
- had the goal to promote respect and observance of human rights of all people
- Liberia
- colony established by Americans for former slaves
- Company rule
- company rules over government
- Tariffs
- taxes
- State
- a political system with a centralized government, a military force, a civil service, a stratified society, and literacy
- Hegira
- date Islam started; the beginning of the Muslim calendar; the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina
- Missionaries
- wanted to convert Africans to Christianity and offered them education in basic literacy and values of western society
- Multicultural
- populated by a variety of cultural groups
- King Alfonso I
- famous king of Kongo who converted to Christianity
- Dynastic Cycle-
- Dynastic Cycle
- Middle Passage
- shipment of slaves across the Atlantic to the Americas
- Islam
- means "to surrender" to the will of the god; monotheistic religion that came to Africa in the 600s
- Dhows
- Arab sailboats
- Henry Stanley
- explored Africa and helped establish colonies in the Congo
- King Leopold II
- of Belgium, began the scramble to establish colonies in Africa, in the Congo
- Atlantic Slave Trade
- trade of slaves from Africa to the Americas
- Portuguese
- first Europeans to land on the coast of West Africa; primary carriers of the slave trade
- Mansa Musa
- Mali's greatest leader
- St. Augustine
- great Christian theologian from North Africa
- Assyrians
- powerful people from the East who drove the kings out of Egypt in 671 B.C.
- Kilwa
- port with a monopoly on the gold trade
- Monotheistic
- belief in one god
- Imperialism
- the exercise of power by a state beyond its boundaries
- Ghana
- a Sudanic empire of West Africa meaning king
- Cush
- East African society; erected pyramids, temples, pottery, ornaments*
- Pan-African Movement
- ideology that had 2 major elements: 1. The common heritage of people of African descent; 2. Africans work for the cause of one another
- Nile River
- longest river in Africa
- Swahili
- Bantu language that included Arabic and Persian words
- Dalai Lama-
- Dalai Lama
- Adulis
- chief port city on the Red Sea
- Great Zimbabwe
- large stone walled fortress built by the people of Karanga; served as a political and religious center of the kingdom
- Monopoly
- complete control over something sold
- Songhai
- began as a group with the Kingdom of Mali; a Sudanic Empire of West Africa
- Characteristics of a civilization-
- highly organized society with complex institutions and attitudes that link a large # of people together; commerce, education, government, religion
- Bantu
- family of closely related languages spoken in many parts of Africa
- Berlin Conference
- tried to regulate African trade and the areas that would be colonized and partition Africa among European powers
- Feudalism-
- Feudalism
- Indirect rule
- local leaders responsible for collecting taxes, providing cheap labor, and reporting back to the governor of the colony
- The Organization of African Unity (OAU)
- organization formed in 1963 as a result of African nation movements
- King Ezana
- Axumite king that converted to Christianity
- Matrilineal Society
- trace ancestors through their mothers
- Colonialism
- gain control over foreign economy and politics; a form of imperialism; the administrative control by a state over other people
- Linguists
- scholars who study languages
- Democracy-
- Democracy
- Ethnocentrism
- belief of whereby one group of people feels superior to other groups of people due primarily to cultural differences