Ms. Warden's Semester 1 Exam Review
the same review as Ms. Warden's - i just copied and pasted it so it'd be more handy!
Terms
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- Protestants
- European Movement when people broke away from the Catholic church and started other types of churches
- petitions
- Colonists sent these to the king asking for help and asking to repeal the taxes
- Thomas Hooker
- Founder of Connecticut
- "push factor"
- a reason or force that causes people to leave their native land
- Anti Federalists
- People who feared the Constitution, thinking it gave too much power to the Federal Government
- Battle of Saratoga
- Battle that is the turning point of the war
- William Penn
- He bought land from the Indians and founded Pennsylvania
- Proclamation of 1763
- Law that forbid colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains
- Tea Act
- Tax that gave East India Company a monopoly on selling tea
- George Rogers Clark
- Western Indian Fighter
- Crisis
- Thomas Paine's 2nd pamphlet that Washington used to inspire his men
- Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina
- List the Southern colonies
- "pull factor"
- a reason or force that causes people to choose to move to a new place
- Militia
- Each colony set up one of these in case they needed to defend themselves
- France
- First country to become allies with the U.S.
- Quartering Act
- Law that made colonists provide British troops with food, shelter, etc.
- Migration
- Mass movement of a large group of people from one area to another
- Nature/Envoronment
- Most Indian Cultures based their religion on this
- Adapt
- Any group allowed people, no matter where they live who wish to survive must do this
- Lexington and Concord
- First Battle of the Revolutionary War
- Valley Forge
- Place where continental Army spent a terrible winter
- Religion
- practices, beliefs and customs by which a group expresses faith or belief in a higher being
- Cash Crops
- Growing a large amount of something to sell for profit
- New Jersey & New York
- 2 States where the Continentals lost many battles
- Minutemen
- The younger, most fired up volunteers who were always ready to fight
- Drying or Salting
- Meat preservation before refrigeration was invented
- Slavery
- method used to get workers for tobacco plantations - workers imported by force, must work for life, not free or paid
- traitors
- England considered the signers of the Declaration of Independence to be this
- Encomienda System
- A Spanish form of government based on class structure
- Subsistence Economy/Farming
- Producing just enough for your family to use
- Balboa
- First European to see the Pacific Ocean
- Columbian Exchange
- When the Europeans came to America, they brought products with them that had never been in America before, and they took American products back to Europe.
- Town Hall Meetings
- Colonists could not have these as punishment for the tea party
- Federalists
- supported the Constitution
- New England
- fishing, shipbuilding, whaling
- Circumnavigate
- To go around the world
- Boston Harbor
- This was closed as part of Boston's punishment for the tea party
- John Hancock
- The wealthy businessman who financed protest activities
- Cause of the French and Indian War
- England and France both wanted to control the Ohio River Valley
- Great Compromise
- The solution between big and small states over the amount of representation each state would get in Congress
- Patriots
- People who thought the United States should be INDEPENDENT
- Asia
- The first people in America came from this continent
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- First Constitution written in America - limited the governor's power in Connecticut, allowed non church members to vote
- Declaration of Independence
- Document that officially made the United States a separate country from Britain
- Force George Washington and the Continental Army to surrender
- Despite their superior army, England could never
- Subsistence Farming
- Growing food for your family, but not a huge crop to sell
- Domestication
- Process by which ancient people of Mesoamerica learned to breed plants and animals
- land bridge Beringia
- The first Americans crossed a ___ ___ which we call ___
- Spain
- Another country who helped America in the war
- Benedict Arnold
- American general who became our first traitor
- Henry Hudson
- Explored the Hudson River and New York Harbor
- Mound Builders
- Paleo Indians who lived in Middle Tennessee were called
- Farming/Agriculture
- The development that allowed ancient people to build permanent homes, towns and cities
- Boston
- 73 British soldiers were killed in a 20 mile running battle back to this city
- Magellan
- Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the world
- Common Sense
- Thomas Paine's first pamphlet; encouraged independence
- Cortes (Cortez)
- conquered the Aztecs
- Northwest Passage
- The earliest French and English explorers were looking for this
- Southern
- growing rice and indigo to sell as cash crops
- Paul Revere
- Patriot who made a famous ride to warn "The regulars are coming!"
- Second Continental Congress
- All signers of the Declaration of Independence were members of this
- Northwest Ordinance
- Law passed by Confederation Congress to set up government and prohibit slavery in the Northwest Territory
- Middle
- producing mechanical things (clocks, guns)
- New England
- emphasis on education; universities and schools
- Ethan Allen & The Green Mountain Boys
- Captured cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga
- Scurvy
- Eating foods rich in Vitamin C, like lemons and limes, prevent this
- Indentured Servants
- method used to get workers for tobacco plantations - workers sign a contract, work 7 years, then get freedom and maybe land
- Harvard
- First college in America founded in 1636
- A water route to Asia
- All early explorers started out looking for this
- Quakers
- Religious group that believed that all people were equal
- Republic
- state, country or nation in which people elect representatives to govern
- Fur
- The French stopped looking for a water route to Asia when they began making money from...
- Hunter-Gathering
- The earliest Americans found their food by doing this
- Treaty of Paris 1763
- Peace Treaty signed at the end of the war
- Sons of Liberty
- Colonial political group organized to protest England's actions
- Salem Witch Trails
- Event that made the Puritans realize that church and state should be separated
- Middle
- very diverse; different kinds of people
- Tariff
- A tax on Imports
- July 4, 1776
- Date the Declaration of Independence was adopted
- Crispus Attucks
- Ex-slave killed by British troops during the Boston massacre
- Puritans
- Large group of religious dissenters who started Massachusetts Bay Colony
- James Madison
- Father of the Constitution
- Columbus
- Landed in the Bahamas: named "Indians"
- Plan for creating new states
- 60,000 free men to become and new state & the new state would have the same rights as old states
- New England
- dominated by the Puritan church
- Anne Hutchinson
- She was forced out of Massachusetts for holding Bible study and interpreting the Bible in her own way
- Samuel Adams
- The head "troublemaker" of the patriot group in Boston
- Pizarro
- Conquered the Incas
- Trenton
- George Washington and Continental Army surprised and defeated the Hessians here
- Amerigo Vespucci
- A mapmaker named America after him
- Tobacco
- Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
- Southern
- high maintenance cash crops that DID require much labor
- La Salle
- Explored the Mississippi River
- Women and Slaves
- 2 groups of people ignored by the Declaration of Independence
- Maryland
- A colony that was founded for Catholics
- Magna Carta
- Document that first limited the power of the King
- Benedict Arnold
- Who said - "I had to sell information to the British to pay off my debts. Besides, those ungrateful Americans didn't appreciate me enough."
- DeSoto
- Explored the Southeastern US, including Tennessee
- 3/5 Compromise
- The solution to the conflict between free states and slave states over whether slaves would be counted in the population
- Southern
- economy depended on slave labor
- Southern
- very few towns or cities
- Boston Tea Party
- Protests when colonists threw tea into the harbor
- Sons of Liberty
- secret society formed to oppose British policies
- James Oglethorpe
- He started Georgia as a colony for poor people
- Thomas Jefferson
- Primary writer of the Declaration of Independence
- Coronado
- Explored the Southwest, including the Grand Canyon
- Natural Rights
- Colonists felt that taxes and searches violated this
- George Washington
- Commander of the Colonists' Army
- Articles of Confederation
- Name of the government of the new country/First form of written government for the United States
- Nathan Hale
- Who said - "My only regret is that I have but one life to give for my country."
- Roger Williams
- He founded Rhode Island to separate church and state
- Hessians
- British hired many of these to fight the colonists
- New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
- List the Middle colonies
- Benedict Arnold
- General who was the hero at the Battle of Saratoga
- Battle of Bunker Hill
- Battle in Boston where colonists had a moral victory because they fought well and damaged the superior British army
- Gold
- The Spanish stopped looking for a water route to Asia when they began making money from...
- George Washington
- Who said - "I cannot let my army surrender or the war will be over and all will be lost!"
- Lord Baltimore
- He founded the colony for Catholics
- Stamp Act
- Tax on all printed documents, dice, playing cards
- Toleration Act
- Document granting Religious freedom in Maryland
- mercantilism
- economic system that increased money in a country's treasury by creating colonies and controlling their trade
- William Prescott - Battle of Bunker Hill
- Who said - "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes!!"
- Magellan
- He did not actually go around the world because he was killed in a battle in the Philippines, but still gets the credit
- Propaganda
- Exaggerating or distorting news to influence people's opinions
- John Adams
- The lawyer who made sure protests were legal
- Townshend Acts
- Tax on paper, lead, glass, paint, and tea
- Boston Massacre
- 5 colonists were unintentionally killed by British soldiers during this event
- Paleo Indians
- Our name for Prehistoric Indians
- Battle of Yorktown
- Place where Washington and the French trapped Cornwallis and the British, forcing them to surrender
- South
- Area of the country where the last years of the war were fought
- Taxes
- England used these to make money and assert their control
- Plymouth
- colony started on Cape Cod by the Pilgrims in 1620
- Shays Rebellion
- made people realize that the Articles of Confederation were too weak
- Cash Crop Economy/Farming
- Producing a large amount to sell for a profit
- Bill of Rights
- Added to the Constitution so that it would be ratified bu all the states
- Middle
- growing bread grains to sell as cash crops
- John Smith
- He became a military dictator; forced Jamestowners to work
- Continental Army
- Name of the Colonists' Army
- Southern
- growing tobacco and other high maintenance cash crops to sell
- Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)
- Laws issued to punish Boston for having the tea party
- Committees of Correspondence
- Colonies organized these to keep each other informed
- John Paul Jones
- American commander in our only major naval victory
- Catholic Church
- The most powerful organization in medieval Europe
- House of Burgesses
- First representative government in America; in Virginia
- Olive Branch Petition
- Colonists' Last try at peace with England
- Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
- List the New England colonies
- Patrick Henry
- Who said - "Give me Liberty or Give me Death!!!"
- Ponce De Leon
- Explored Florida looking for the Fountain of Youth
- Debt
- Money that has been borrowed and must be repaid
- Thomas Paine
- Who said - "Being ruled by England just isn't Common Sense" "Don't be a Sunshine Patriot"
- Reasons Articles of Confederation failed
- States had too much power, federal had no power, federal couldn't tax, federal had no leader
- New England
- rocky soil and poor farming
- John Hancock
- First signer of the Declaration of Independence
- Feudalism
- Early system of government in Europe, based on social class
- Loyalists
- People who thought the United States should REMAIN PART OF ENGLAND
- Canada
- Area the Continental Army tried to invade and failed
- Writs of Assistance
- Allowed England to search colonists' ships and other private property without an individual warrant
- Middle
- international trade and shipping
- Jamestown
- First Permanent English settlement in America
- Mayflower Compact
- Pilgrims wrote this to make a government for their colony
- John Paul Jones
- Who said - "I have not yet begun to fight!"
- Pilgrims
- Group of religious separatists who started Plymouth Colony
- Natural Harbors
- The geographical reason that led the Dutch to start a settlement at New Amsterdam