Renaissance Vocabulary
Terms
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- Emperor Charles V
- the emperor that declared Martin Luther an outlaw of Germany and refused to protect him
- oligarchy
- rule of merchant aristocracies
- movable type
- invented by Gutenberg, Fust, and Schöffer; made easily movable individual letters, which were easy to type with
- predestination
- the theological principle of Calvinism that God decided at the beginning of time who would be saved or not saved
- dark ages
- thousand year period between the fourth and the fourteenth centuries which was considered by Petrarch and other contemporaries to be a barbarian/"Gothic" or "middle" age
- humanism
- a focus on human beings and their achievements which included a study of the Latin classics to learn about human nature
- classicism
- a return o the classic style and principles of the Greeks and Romans
- Diet of Worms
- meeting where Luther was asked to appear and recount his beliefs
- conversos
- Spanish-Jewish people who converted to Christianity
- The Geneva Consistory
- a group of important men who watched over how men lived and made sure they were orderly
- individualism
- the stressing of personality, uniqueness, and the full development of capabilities and talents
- block-printing
- the ability to type letter by letter, rather than in phrases or words; could produce wider variety of texts
- The Imitation of Christ
- a work written by Thoman a Kempis urging Christians to follow Christ and seek perfection in a simple life
- cinquecento
- the 1500s; the High Renaissance in Rome; art was becoming more secular
- Johann (John) Tetzel
- a friar hired by Archbishop Alebert to sell indulgences, which he was successful at
- John Calvin
- began Calvinism; influenced social thought and attitude of Europeans
- realism
- depiction of the world as it is
- benefices
- church offices
- hermandades
- brotherhoods; under Ferdinand and Isabella, given authority as local police forces and judicial tribunals in the towns
- international style
- A European style of art; rich color decorative detail, curvilinear rhythms, swaying forms; named because of wandering influential artists, close communications/rivals of princely courts, and increased trade of art
- Protestant
- all non-Catholic Christians
- Renaissance
- "rebirth" of culture in Europe
- signori
- one-man rulers
- christian humanists
- combined humanism with Christianity; mostly seen in Northern Europe
- Duke Frederick of Saxony
- the man who protected Martin Luter when he was outlawed
- Court of Star Chamber
- instituted by Henry VIII to gain more power by terrifying the aristocrats
- new monarchs
- in the 5th century, new rulers in France, England, and Spain reduced violence, curbed unruly nobles/troublesome elements, and established domestic order; did so by reasserting practices of earlier strong monarchs
- secularism
- a basic concern with the material world instead of with eternal and spiritual matters
- quattrocento
- the 1400s; towards the end, individuals and oligarchs began to sponsor art works
- Martin Luther
- began the Protestant Reformation, which occurred in the 16th century; inspired to do so because of his opposition to pluralism and indulgences
- niccoló machiavelli
- wrote "The Prince"; expleaned how a ruler should gain, maintain, and increase power; was a humanist and believed all humans are selfish and only want to help themselves
- indulgence
- sold by the church; said to get a person out of purgatory and send them straight to heaven