3:1 The Indo-Europeans
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- Indo-Europeans (5 points)
- - nomadic people - came from steppes - herded cattle with chariots - spoke Indo-European - lived in tribes
- steppes
- dry grasslands
- What 4 languages does Indo-European trace back to?
- English, Spanish, Persian, and Hindi
- Why and when did the Indo-Europeans leave their homelands?
- No one is quite sure why they left, but they migrated in all directions between 1700 and 1200 B.C.
- migration
- movement over a long period of time
- Who were the Hittites
- A group of Indo-European speakers who occupied Anatolia by about 2000 BC
- Anatolia
- Also called Asia Minor a huge peninsula in modern day-turkey that juts out into the Black and Meditteranean
- What was the capital of the Hittite civilization?
- Hattusas
- How were the Hittites on a militarily?
- They dominated Southwest Asia for 450 years and occupied Babylon, the chief city of in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley and struggled with Egypt for control of Syria. Niether could win so they ended their conflicts with a peace treaty
- How did the Hittites blend their own traditions with those of other more advanced cities?
- They adopted Akkadian, a Babylonian language and borrowed ideas on art, politics, law, and literature from the Mesopotamians.
- How did the Hittites excel in war?
- Their iron technology and chariots
- Why did the Hittite empire fall in 1190 BC?
- invasions- northern tribes burned the capital
- Where did the Aryans come from?
- It is believed they came from somewhere between the Caspian and Aral eas, crossed over the NW mountain passes into the Indus River Valley of India, or that they originated from India.
- What was their sacred literature and what did it tell of?
- The Vedas, which were a collection of prayers, magical spells and instructions for performing rituals. It was passed along orally
- Who were the enemies of the Aryans and how were they different than the Aryans?
- The dasas were shorter, darker and spoke a different language. They were also not a pastoral people.
- THe Aryans were organized into what four groups
- Brahmins: priests warriors traders and landowners peasants or traders untouchables
- Varna
- skin color
- what did castes decide?
- what work the person did, whom they could marry, and the people with whom they could eat.
- Mahabharata
- a great epic of India that reflects the struggles that took place in India as the Aryan kings worked to control Indian lands.