MPCS8thHistoryCh2

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

What is Queen Mary known as and why?: Bloody Mary because she killed thousands of noncatholics
Who was Henry the Navigator?: Prince Henry of Portugal - he was fascinated by what lay in the unknown - and set up a center for exploration in Portugal - he brought astronomes, geographers, and mathematicians to share knowledge with sailors and shipbuilders; established a school that taught sailing, geography, mapmaking, and astronomy; given credit for sparking European interest in exploration
How did the outnumbered Spanish succeed against the Aztec and Incan Empires?: had superior weapons - guns, cannons, horses; help from other natives, and they brought diseases that the natives were not immune to (smallpox, flu, measles)
Who was Martin Luther?: a German priest; October 31, 1517 nailed his 95 page theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany
What is a caravel?: a three-masted ship developed by the Portuguese - it sailed faster than earlier ships and carried more cargo and food supplies
What did Hernan Cortes do?: came to Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire and destroyed the capital, Tenochitilan and killed Emperor Montezuma
Who were the Vikings?: northern Europeans who sailed west and reached the Americas in the 800s and 900s - they visited Iceland and Greenland establishing settlements there
What does circumnavigate mean?: to sail or go around the world
Who arrived in Florida in 1513 looking for the Fountain of Youth?: Juan Ponce de Leon
Who based estimates about the earth's size on the work of Ptolemy?: Christipher Columbus
Who became interested in exploration after reading "Travels?": Christopher Columbus
Who was the Incan Ruler?: Atahualpa
Who was Bartholomeu Dias?: explorer sent out by King John II of Portugal - he ran into a horrible storm and called the southern tip of Africa the "Cape of Storms"; was the first to reach the southern tip of Africa
When did the last Muslim kingdom fall to Spain?: 1492
Which European countries remained Protestant?: England, Germany, and the Netherlands
How many other voyages did Columbus make - and what did he discover?: three - Hispaniola (present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Cuba, and Jamaica
How did the Islamic religion spread to the early kingdoms of Africa?: Mali's king - Musa made a great pilrimage to the holy city of Makkah (Mecca) - he sent royal servants carrying gold ahead of him - he gave the gold away and shared his Muslim faith
Why was the Pacific Ocean given its name?: because it means peaceful
Who was Marco Polo?: a man who at the age of 17 set off for a trek across Asia with his father and uncle to China finally reaching the palace of Kublai Khan - he then spent 17 years working for Khan and learning about the advanced culture of China. Returned to Venice in 1295 - dictated the book "Travels"while in prison to Rustichello da Pisa
Which European countries remained Catholic?: France and Spain
What is an astrolabe?: an instrument that measured the position of the stars
Why was Portugal interested in exploration?: they hoped to find a better way to get West African gold - as traders they needed a better route
Who helped fund Christopher Columbus' voyage after he waited 7 years while their country was at war?: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
What were several technological advances that furthered European exploration?: the astrolabe, the caravel (ship), better maps, better ships - stern rudder, triangular sails, and Rifles and cannons
Who broke away from Catholicism permanently in England?: Elizabeth I
Who was Henry Hudson?: an explorer who was looking for the Northwest Passage; explored New York for the Dutch in 1609; 1610 explored the Hudson Bay for England; thought he had found the Pacific Ocean and spent months looking for an outlet; was thrown overboard by his crew - and nerver heard from again
What is a mosque?: a Muslim house of worship
Who died during a battle in the Phillipines in 1521?: Ferdinand Magellan
Why are the Caribbean Islands called the West Indies?: Columbus was sure he had reached the small islands off the coast of Asia - known as the East Indies
What were the ships used by Columbus for his voyage?: Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria
Who is America named for?: named to honor Amerigo Vespucci
Why was Africa's west coast known as the Gold Coast?: gold and ivory were traded there in the mid-1400s
Who was John Cabot?: explorer who claimed North America for England in 1497
How did the caravel affect overseas exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries?: because they were some of the best ships to sail the seas - they sailed faster, carried more cargo and goods - with faster ships, countries such as Portugal and Spain began searching for sea routes to Asia
What cultures influenced the Renaissance?: those of Greece and Rome
Which explorer gave Portugal a stake in the Americas (Brazil)?: Pedro Alvares Cabral
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?: a portuguese mariner who lead an expedition of 5 ships (with 234 men) sailing from Spain heading west across the Atlantic Ocean - he finally sailed through a strait to the Pacific
What did European missionaries try to accomplish in the mid-1400s?: they wanted to convert others to Christianity
What is a strait?: a narrow twisting passage of sea - a narrow passageway connecting two larger bodies of water
Who was Vasco da Gama?: Portuguese explorere who set out in 1497 with 4 ships - sailed down the west coast of Africa and rounded the Cape of Good Hope - with the help of an Arab pilot he sailed on to India - completing the route to Asia
What is a pilgrimage?: a journey to a holy place
What was the first established city in Ameirca?: St. Augustine
Who was Leif Eriksson?: a viking sailor who explored a land west of Greenland that he called Vinland around 1000; he was a Christian missionary - trying to spread Christianity
Who drew up the line of demarcation in 1493?: Pope Alexander VI
When and where did Luther die?: his hometown on February 18, 1546
What was mercantilism?: an attempt for countries to increase their power by gaining wealth
Of the original 234 men trying to circumnavigate the globe, how many finally reached Spain in September 1522?: 18 men in one ship
What brought about the English Reformation?: King Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon - the pope refused him, so he broke from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England
What area was known as the Gold Coast?: the west coast of Africa
What is the line of demarcation?: an imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole
What was the result of Luther's teachings?: led to the formation of the Protestant Church (Lutheran, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Church of God)
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?: an agreement that moved the line of demarcation farther west 800 miles - dividing the entire unexplored world between Spain and Portugal; Portugal got more land, but it still favored Spain
Who wanted to return to Catholicism when she became queen?: Queen Mary
Who were the first Europeans to reach the Americas (and when)?: Lief Erikkson in 1000 A.D.
What area or islands had Columbus discovered?: the Bahamas - he went ashore and claimed the island for Spain and called it San Salvador
What action was taken against Luther by the Church?: declared him a herectic and asserted the Pope's authority; he went into exile
Who ignored the Treaty of Tordesillas?: England, France, and the Netherlands
Who was Kublai Khan?: the Mongol emperor of China
What does classical mean?: ancient works by the Greeks and Romans; relating to ancient Greece and Rome
Who founded Montreal and claimed Canada for France?: Jacques Cartier
Who was Francisco Pizarro?: explorer who came to Peru in 1532 capturing and later executing the Inca Ruler; conquered the Incan Empire
What did Luther's theses say?: it condemned the church's worldliness and greed and denounced the authority of the pope over the church
Who traveled with Francisco Pizarro in Peru?: Hernando De Soto
How quickly did Luther's theses spread and what is the spread known as?: within 2 weeks it had been copied and spread throughout Germany; after 2 months throughout Europe - known as the Protestant Reformation
Which African kingdom thrived between A.D. 400 and A.D. 1100?: the kingdom of Ghana
Why was Queen Isabella willing to help fund Columbus' voyage?: Columbus promised to bring Christianity to any lands found and if he did find a way/route to Asia, Spain would become very wealthy
When did Columbus spot land finally?: October 12, 1492
What did Pope Leo X do?: called Luther a "drunken German who ... once sober would change his mind"
When did Columbus set out on his voyage?: August 3, 1492
What is the Renaissance?: period of intellectual and artistic creativity - comes from the French word for "rebirth" - with this came a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning
What did Hernando De Soto do?: came to Florida in search of gold; was the first European in Georgia in 1540; first European to reach the Mississippi River; died of a fever in 1543 and was buried in the Mississippi River
Where have remains from Viking settlements been found?: New Foundland
Who was Vasco Nunez de Balboa?: governor of a Spanish town (in present day Panama) who formed an exploring party and hiked through the jungles - he finally reached water's edge and was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas
Why was the line of demarcation drawn up?: to protect Spain and Portugal's claims to the new lands discovered; to even up the distribution of discovered lands
Who was Ptolemy?: an ancient Greek astronomer
Who was Amerigo Vespucci?: an explorer who mapped South America's coastline - concluding that South America was a continent - NOT - part of Asia
What did the split between the Catholic and Protestant churched lead to?: a divided Europe; created intense rivalries among European countires which continued in the American Colonies
What nations signed the Treaty of Tordesillas?: Spain and Portugal
What land did Columbus call San Salvador?: the Americas
What do historians think Vinland was?: North America
What was the "Cape of Storms" renamed by the king?: Cape of Good Hope
What is technology?: the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes - this paved the way for European voyages of exploration
Who named the Pacific Ocean?: Ferdinand Magellan
Who was Juan Ponce de Leon?: the first European to reach the mainland North America

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 84