Midterm AP. US history
Terms
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- Alien and Sedition Acts
- a series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the US
- Antinomians
- Those who oppose the rule of laws; followers of Anne Hutchinson
- Embargo Act of 1807
- an act that stated American ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports, and it also closed american ports to British ships.
- Congregationalism
- Non-Sepratists in Massachusetts, disavowed the authority of Anglican bishops, and placed the control of each congregation in the hands of the male saints.
- John Hancock
- was the prominent American whose experience with the customs commissioners forced many Americans to conclude that parliament had no lawmaking authority over the colonies expect on matters of imperial trade.
- Tea Act- 1773
- Eliminated the additional import duties on tea and as a result significantly lowered the price of tea in the colonies
- Coercive Acts
- known as the "Intolerable Acts" by Edmund; restructured the Maryland government; permitted certain murderers to be trailed; closed Boston Harbor
- Pinckney's Treaty
- 1795 treaty with Spain that allowed Americans to use the MS. River to store goods in New Orleans
- Committees of Correspondence
- The organizations created by Samuel Adams and other radicals that helped transmit information throughout the colonies.
- New York City
- 1st Capitol of the U.S
- Act for Religious Toleration of 1649
- passed to protect Catholics in Maryland from religious persecution and was America's 1st law affirming freedom of worship
- Queen Anne's War 1702-1713
- War of Spanish Succession -> Fight over who will rule Spain when Charles II of Spain dies without direct heirs
- Capitalism
- an economic system in which individuals put their money into a business in hopes of making a profit.
- King William's War 1689-1697
- War of the League of Augsburg -> England vs France
- Mounds
- provide evidence of the sophistication of Hopewell culture
- Battle of Yorktown
- The last major battle of the Revolutionay War which resulted in the surrender of the British forces in 1781
- Louisiana Purchase
- the 1803 purchase of the Louisiana Territory from france. America paid $ 15 million, the purchase doubled the size of the U.S
- Pontiac's Rebellion
- A 1763 revolt by Native Americans against British forts and American settlers who were moving onto their land
- New Jersey Plan
- proposal to create a single-chamber congress in which each state had an equal role
- Reciprocity
- a system of mutual give and take, allowing individuals or social groups of unequal power to get along while preserving unequal power relationships.
- Macon's Bill # 2
- Reopened America's trade with Britain and France
- William Penn and the Quakers
- settled in PA, believed the "inner light" could speak through any person and religious services without ministers
- Columbian Exchange
- The exchange of goods,ideas, plants, animals from both of New & Old World
- Half- Way Covenant
- permitted the children of all baptized members to be baptized but left them "halfway" memebers who could not take communion or vote in church affairs.
- Battle of Quebec
- Battle that was a turning point in the French and Indian War,the British defeated the French
- John Calvin
- French theologian preached the doctrine of "predestination" and the need for God's grace.
- Manumission
- releasing an individual from slavery or servitude
- Battle Of Saratoga
- American general Horatio Gates was victorious over British general Burgoyne
- ST. Augustine, FL
- 1st permanent European settlement
- Virtual Representation
- all english subjects are represented in Parliament, including those not allowed to vote
- Virginia Plan
- The proposal to create a bicameral national legislature, with representation based proportionally on each state's population
- James Monroe
- provided country with a break from partisan politics, Missouri Compromise, issued Monroe Doctrine
- Deists
- Believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate according to Natural Laws
- XYZ Affair
- arose out of the French Government demand for a bribe as the price for negoitations
- Whiskey Rebellion - 1794
- Protest against the government's tax on whiskey, which was a valuable to the livelihood of the backcountry farmers.
- Francis Scott Key
- Composer of The Star Spangled Banner
- Anne Hutchinson
- challenged New England Calvinist ministers' authority, as they taught the good works for salvation of cATHOLICISM
- Sedition Act
- Made it illegal to speak, write or print any statement about the president that would hurt his rep; design to only be effective for 3 years; forbade any individual to oppose any law of the u.s; defined criminal acitivity so broadly that it blurred any real discition
- The Sugar Act
- imposing a tax on non-British molasses entering the colonies, also established a host of new requirements and taxes on colonial commercial activities.
- Joint-Stock Companies
- type of business organization used to fund English colonies in the New World after initial government funded efforts ended in failure.
- The Albany Plan of Union
- colonies proposed colonial confederation under lighter British rule (crown- appointed president, "grand council")
- Mingos
- "republican" Indians who sought to balance the English & french off aganist each other in the Ohio Valley
- First Continental Congress
- a 1774 meeting of delegates from all colonies except GA to uphold colonial rights.
- Articles of Confederation
- established a single-chamber national Congress elected by the state legislatures in which state had only one vote.
- "Midnight Judges"
- Judicial appointments made by Pres. Adams in his last months of pres.
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- established federal district courts that followed local procedures, Supreme Court had final jurisdiction; compromise between nationalist and advocates for states' right
- Jay's treaty
- agreement that ended dispute over American shipping during the french
- The Treaty of Ghent
- Restored the status quo antebellum; ended the war of 1812; provided no territoral gain or loss for the U.S; reffered boundary issues to a joint commision
- Federalist Papers
- written anonymously by Hamilton, Jay, and Madison; commentary on Constitution, republicanism extended over larger territory.
- Mercantilism
- Government policy aimed at achieving national economic self-sufficency
- Bacon's Rebellion
- group of embittered (due to high taxes and low labor prices) small farmers on a rampage to take Indian land on the frontier.
- George Whitefield
- early voice speaking out about slavery; early use of advertising; revivals; the "new lights" vs "the old lights"
- States Rights
- theory that said that states had the right to judge when the federal government had passed an unconstitional law.
- Dominion of New England
- Created by James II to consolidate his hold on the Northern colonies and eliminate their colonial assemblies
- Missouri Compromise (1820)
- Maine as free state, Missouri as slave state, slavery prohibited north of 36 30
- McCulloch vs. Maryland
- a state cannot tax an agency of the federal government
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward
- charter cannot be altered without both parties' consent
- Declaratory Act
- asserted Parliament's right to impose taxes on the colonies, parliamentary passed this act the same day the Stamp Act was repealed.
- Marbury vs. Madison
- 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish laws by delcaring them unconstitutional
- Townshend Act
- 1767, Placed a tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint and tea
- Navigation Law of 1650
- which said all trade to and from the colonies had to be on British ships to keep the Dutch out of American trade
- King George's War 1743-1748
- War of Austrian Succession -< New England takes French fort at Louisbourg
- Quakers
- Emerged in England during the Restoration among the poorer social classes, believed that all individuals possessed access to the Inner Light or Holy Spirit. They also believed individuals should always be recongized for their spiritual, not material accomplishments.
- Great Awakening
- A revivial movement that emphasized the corruption of human nature, the fury of divine wrath and the need for immediate repentance
- Jamestown, VA
- 1st successful permanent British colony
- Henry Knox
- Secretary of War under Washington, he was a trusted general of the American Revolution; he was entrusted to protect the nation from enemies.
- Federalism
- strong central government provided by power divided between the national and state government, checks and balances amendable constitution
- Tories
- Americans during the Revolution who remained loyal to England
- King Henry VII
- founded the Church of England after a dispute with the Pope over his right to have a divorce
- 12th Amendment
- required separate and distinct ballots for presidential and vice presidential candidates
- Connecticut Plan
- compromise by which the new government was to have a bicameral legislative, with an equal vote for each state in the upper house and proportional voting in the lower house
- Bill of Rights
- protected rights of individuals from the power of the central govenment
- Treaty of Paris -1763
- Ends Seven Years' War, British gets French & Spanish
- Puritans
- These Church of England reformists sailed to the Americans to escape ill treatment from James I
- George Greenville
- British Prime Minister who abandoned the policy of Salutary Neglect by enforcing the navigation acts.
- House of Burgess
- created in 1619, the first representative assembly in the American colonies
- Yeomen
- free,landowning small farmers, below the gentry in status
- Second Continental Congress
- May,1775 assembly that authorized the Continental Army and approved the Declaration of Independence
- "City upon a hill"
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Tallmadge Amendment
- no further introduction of slaves into Missouri, all children born to slaves to become free at 25
- Townshed Duties
- set only moderate tax rates that did not price goods out of the colonial market
- Mayflower Compact
- to justify their colonization of land outside of their grant, Plymouth settlers signed this agreement which stated that they would agree to govern themselves according to English law
- Molasses Act of 1773
- imposed a 6pence/gal. tax on imported foreign molasses in order to regulate trade
- Continental Association
- purpose was to boycott British goods and cease exporting almost all goods to Britian
- Archaic People
- refer to Native Americans from about 8000 to 2500 BC
- Fredrick Von Steuben
- German solider, often referred to as the "drillmaster" of the revolution because of his efforts to provide training and discipline to Washington's troops at Valley Forge.
- Capitalism
- a system under which the means of production, distribution and exchange are in large measure privately owned and directed, and in which prices and wages are determined by supply and demand market forces.
- Panic of 1819
- Bank tightened loan policies, depression rose throughout the country, hurt western farmers greatly
- Proclamation of 1763
- An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonist from settling west of the Appalachian Mtns
- Roger Williams
- challenged New Englanders to completely separate Church from state, as the state would corrupt the church
- Spoils System
- "Rotation in office"; Jackson felt that one should spend a single term in a office and return to private citizenship
- Anasazi
- ancestors of the modern pueblo indians
- "little commonwealth"
- Family unit and the role of fathers, mothers and children within that unit
- Citizen Gent
- French Minister to the U.S, who was instructed to enlist American mercenaries to conquer Spanish territories and attack british shipping
- Non-Intercourse Act
- Closed America's trade with Britain and France
- Stono Rebellion
- A 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina,which led to the tightening of already harsh slave laws.
- Common Sense
- 1776 Thomas Paines book that attacked the institution of monarchy directly.
- Declaratory Act of 1766
- stated that parliament had the power to make laws binding on the colonies
- Virgina Company
- land system granted 50 acre tracts of land to planters for each indentured servant they brought.
- Monroe Doctrine
- Europeans should not interfere with affaird in Western Hemisphere, Americans to stay out of foreign affairs; supported Washington's goal for US neutrality in Americans
- Gentry
- landowners with substantial amounts of property and without aristocratic titles; considered
- Seven Years' War 1756-1763
- French and Indian War -> The players Britain & Prussia vs. France & Austria --> In America: Settlers & English vs. French & Indians
- New Lights
- People who had experienced conversion during the revivals of the Great Awakening
- Sugar Act of 1764
- amended the Molasses Act of 1733 by lowering the tax to 3pence/ga., but not for the regulation of trade but for the raising of revenue
- Glorious Revoltion
- The overthrow of English King James II in 1688 and his replacement by William and Mary
- Stamp Act- 1765
- To force the colonist to pay their share
- Protestant Reformation
- theologians challenged Catholicism in a variety of ways. Led to the modern Roman Catholic Church
- Pratice of impressment involved
- the american policy of seizing seamen from bars and brothels and forcing them to join the navy.
- Navigation Acts
- Beginning in 1651, the English parliament passed a series of laws to ensure that England was getting maximum benefit from its commercial relationship with the colonies
- Whigs
- patriots who fought for independence
- Judiciary Act of 1801
- Increased the # of federal judges
- Trade Act of 1663
- Provided that "emumerated" commodities had to stop in England to be transhiped to Europe