Chapter 10
Terms
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- institutional racism
- bias towards minority--single out blacks for car searches, watched at stores
- emotional advantages of ethnicity
- sharing language and other elements creates comfort, provide safety due to fear from past traumas, stability/security
- race
- people percieved physical markers are deemed socially significant
- ecological theory
- struggle for territory--relations change over time
- genocide
- intentional extermination of entire population defined as a race or a people
- expulsion
- forclly removing population from territory claimed by another population
- Robert Park's steps in territory relations
- invasion-go into territory of another group, resistance-group defends own territory(legal or violence), competition-groups compete for resources(housing, jobs, political positions), accomodation/cooperation-agree on how to divide(segregation forms), assimilation-minority group blends in the majority population and eventually disapears
- William Wilson
- need "color blind" policies to improve social classes--against affirmative action
- discrimination
- unfair treatment b/c of their group membership
- what's the purpose/"benefit" of racial discrimination
- allows social inequality to be created and maintained
- 1960 Civil Rights Legislation
- equal opportunity regardless of race--grades/test scores determine admission to schools, etc
- hate crimes
- criminal acts motivated by a person's race, religion, or ethnicity
- IQ mean in population
- 100
- why was affirmative action created
- test scores of minorities doesn't match their actual ability
- cubans formed a ____, causing them to rise higher in social status/opportunities
- ethnic enclave
- who does affirmative action help/harm
- help the middle class minorities but keep the poor, poor
- prejudice
- attitude that judges people according to their real or imagined characteristics
- transnational communities
- boundaries extend between countries
- what's the fastest growing ethnicity
- asian american
- Robert Blauner
- internal colonialism
- Samuel Morton's order of skull/brain size
- white europeans, asians, native americans, african americans
- African Americans make up ___of middle class
- 1/3
- Chicanos
- Mexican Americans
- Edna Bonocich's theory of split labor markets
- when low wage workers of one race and high wage workers of another race compete for jobs--racism is developed/reinforced
- ethnic group
- people who's percieved cultural markers are deemed socially significant
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- to change racist feelins and beliefs we must 1st change social institutions that we live under--behavior is easier to change than feelings
- slavery
- ownership and control of people--cotton/tobacco economy depended on African American slaves
- IQ standard deviation in population
- 15 IQ points
- why is the term "Hispanic-American" so widely used for a number of different ethnicities
- politically useful, useful for data collection and public policy purposes, convenient for those non-hispanics
- ethnic enclave
- member groups who establish businesses that serve and employ mainly members of the group and reinvest profits into the community
- Robert Park
- Ecological theory
- Samuel Morton
- human skull capacity(brain size) follows the social hierarchy--argued that IQ scores determined by biology(race)
- Edna Bonocich
- split labor markets
- how were Chinese Americans discriminated against in the past
- a quota was set on how many were allowed to immigrate into the U.S.
- what determines IQ scores
- environment and how person is raised
- Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka 1954
- supreme court decision ending social discrimination
- Robert Blauner's theory of internal colonialism
- one group subjugating another in same country--keeps segregation present
- minority groups
- may be in the majority #, but socially disadvantaged
- example of genocide
- Native Americans-"trail of tears"
- scapegoat
- disadvantaged person or category of people whom others blame for their problems
- political advantages of ethnicity
- european whites cmoe closer withing their ethnicity due to improvements seen within other (lower) ethnicities
- symbolic ethnicity
- allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generation, but not incorporated into their everyday life
- affirmative action
- policy that gives preference to minority group members if equally qualified people are available for a position
- critisisms of Morton's skull theory
- can't determine race by skull shape, too small of sample size for accurace representation, not good gender variety/samples
- economic advantages of ethnicity
- immigrants rely on members of their group to find them jobs/housing(tightly knit), entrepreneurs rely on community for employees, suppliers
- pluralism
- retention of racial and ethnic culture combined with equal access to basic social resources
- William Wilson believes minority ghettos persist because_____?
- industries close where black working class was concentrated, many successful minorities have moved out of inner-city leaving no role models, higher taxes while budget cut in inner cities
- prejudice feelings stem from _____?
- from fear-anger and hatred are often secondary reactions to fear