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Vocab review for final exam

Terms

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virtues
good qualities, such as charity and truthfulness
Hinduism
a religion brought by the Aryans to India whose followers believe in many gods and reincarnation
Silk Road
the route traders followed as they exchanged goods for Chinese silk
lattitude
imaginary lines running east and west which tell distance north and suoth of the equator
castes
groups withhin a social class
peninsula
surounded by water on all but one side
longitude
imaginary lines which divide the earth east and west of the prime meridian
Buddhism
a religion, which began in India by Buddha, that teaches finding truth, love, knowledge and a calm mind
millennium
1000 years
decade
10 years
century
100 years
colony
land that is taken and ruled by a far-away country
Himalayas
the tallest mountain chain in the world (near India and China)
B.C.
before Christ
A.D.
anno Domini
Latin for year of our Lord
hemisphere
an imaginary division of the earth into halves- either north and south or east and west
Mohenjo-Daro
an ancient city near India with running water, garbage collection which appears to have been abruptly abandoned
monsoon
a strong wind that blows at a certain time each year bringing heavy rains
dynasty
line of rulers from the same family
distance scale
shows actual distance between places on a map
physical map
shows geographical features, such as
mountains, plains, rivers, etc.
politcal map
shows country borders which may change after wars, treaties, etc.
intermediate directions
directions inbetween the cardinal directions such as northeast, southwest, etc.
mouth of a river
where a river empties into a sea, ocean, etc.
source of a river
where a river begins, such as in the mountains
compass rose
shows directions on a map
city-states
independent cities in ancient Greece that never united under one government.
Sparta
a city-state in ancient Greece that valued physical strength,and a strong army. Sparta had more slaves than citizens.
acropolis
originally, a fort on a hilltop, later the center for religion with temples, houses, etc.
agora
an outdoor market and meeting place in ancient Greece
democracy
a form of government in which citizens make the decisions
myth
a story passed down about a god or a hero
Greek alphabet
had 24 letters. Combinations of these letters represent soroities and fraternities today. Jesus called himself the Alpha, and the Omega meaning the first and the last.
Doric
Greek column - plain
Ionic
Greek column - ram's horns
Corinthian
Greek column-decorative with leaves
Parthenon
built near the Acropolis to honor the
goddess, Athena.
republic
form of government begun in Rome. Citizens vote for representatives to make decisions for them.
dictator
ruler with the power to make all the decisions. Julius Caesar became a dictator after conquering many lands.
monarchy
rule by king
empire
land and people under the control of another nation. The Roman Empire grew large and then fell.
forum
a public square that was the center of
life in ancient Rome
architecture
the art of building
gladiator
a Roman slave or prisioner forced to fight for the entertainment of others
Colosseum
largest arena in Rome
Christianity
the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
Middle Ages
lasted from about 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D.
manor
a lqrge piece of land made up of forests,farmland,a church, a village,and a castle
lord and lady
the leader of a manor and his wife
dubbing ceremony
ceremony where a squire became a knight by taking a code of chivalry
rose window
circular stained glass window still seen in Cathedrals today
Islam
religion begun in Arabia by Muhammad which teaches its followers (called Muslims) about messages Muhammad received from Allah
crusades
wars (lasting from 1095 to 1291 A.D.) between Christians and Muslims. Christians wanted to take back the city of Jerusalem.
caravans
groups of traders
Marco Polo
Italian who lived in China for 17 years. His stories of China made European traders very interested in traveling to China.
Joan of Arc
led the Franch in battle against the English.
serfs
peasants who worked on the farms of a manor in exchange for a place to live and protection
Renassaince
French word meaning "rebirth". An age of great learning and exporation in Europe lasting from 1400 to 1600 A.D.
printing press
machine invented by Gutenberg with movable type which made it possible to print books much faster
caravel
a ship with a both square and triangular sails that could carry a lot of cargo so explorers could stay out at sea longer
Columbus
found San Salvador in 1492, thinking it was India
Vasco de Gama
reached Asia by sailing east
Magellan's crew
sailed east to reach Asia like Columbus and eventually sailed aaround the world returning to Spain
conquistadors
Spanish "conquerors" in search of gold, silver and other treasures from the Americas
Athens
a city-state in ancient Greece that valued art, learning and a democratic form of gov't
Vikings
men from northern Europe who settled in North America before Columbus's discovery
Mediterranean Sea
sea that the peninsulas of Greece and Italy jut into which means "middle of the earth"

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