Vocab review for final exam
Terms
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- virtues
- good qualities, such as charity and truthfulness
- Hinduism
- a religion brought by the Aryans to India whose followers believe in many gods and reincarnation
- Silk Road
- the route traders followed as they exchanged goods for Chinese silk
- lattitude
- imaginary lines running east and west which tell distance north and suoth of the equator
- castes
- groups withhin a social class
- peninsula
- surounded by water on all but one side
- longitude
- imaginary lines which divide the earth east and west of the prime meridian
- Buddhism
- a religion, which began in India by Buddha, that teaches finding truth, love, knowledge and a calm mind
- millennium
- 1000 years
- decade
- 10 years
- century
- 100 years
- colony
- land that is taken and ruled by a far-away country
- Himalayas
- the tallest mountain chain in the world (near India and China)
- B.C.
- before Christ
- A.D.
-
anno Domini
Latin for year of our Lord - hemisphere
- an imaginary division of the earth into halves- either north and south or east and west
- Mohenjo-Daro
- an ancient city near India with running water, garbage collection which appears to have been abruptly abandoned
- monsoon
- a strong wind that blows at a certain time each year bringing heavy rains
- dynasty
- line of rulers from the same family
- distance scale
- shows actual distance between places on a map
- physical map
-
shows geographical features, such as
mountains, plains, rivers, etc. - politcal map
- shows country borders which may change after wars, treaties, etc.
- intermediate directions
- directions inbetween the cardinal directions such as northeast, southwest, etc.
- mouth of a river
- where a river empties into a sea, ocean, etc.
- source of a river
- where a river begins, such as in the mountains
- compass rose
- shows directions on a map
- city-states
- independent cities in ancient Greece that never united under one government.
- Sparta
- a city-state in ancient Greece that valued physical strength,and a strong army. Sparta had more slaves than citizens.
- acropolis
- originally, a fort on a hilltop, later the center for religion with temples, houses, etc.
- agora
- an outdoor market and meeting place in ancient Greece
- democracy
- a form of government in which citizens make the decisions
- myth
- a story passed down about a god or a hero
- Greek alphabet
- had 24 letters. Combinations of these letters represent soroities and fraternities today. Jesus called himself the Alpha, and the Omega meaning the first and the last.
- Doric
- Greek column - plain
- Ionic
- Greek column - ram's horns
- Corinthian
- Greek column-decorative with leaves
- Parthenon
-
built near the Acropolis to honor the
goddess, Athena. - republic
- form of government begun in Rome. Citizens vote for representatives to make decisions for them.
- dictator
- ruler with the power to make all the decisions. Julius Caesar became a dictator after conquering many lands.
- monarchy
- rule by king
- empire
- land and people under the control of another nation. The Roman Empire grew large and then fell.
- forum
-
a public square that was the center of
life in ancient Rome - architecture
- the art of building
- gladiator
- a Roman slave or prisioner forced to fight for the entertainment of others
- Colosseum
- largest arena in Rome
- Christianity
- the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
- Middle Ages
- lasted from about 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D.
- manor
- a lqrge piece of land made up of forests,farmland,a church, a village,and a castle
- lord and lady
- the leader of a manor and his wife
- dubbing ceremony
- ceremony where a squire became a knight by taking a code of chivalry
- rose window
- circular stained glass window still seen in Cathedrals today
- Islam
- religion begun in Arabia by Muhammad which teaches its followers (called Muslims) about messages Muhammad received from Allah
- crusades
- wars (lasting from 1095 to 1291 A.D.) between Christians and Muslims. Christians wanted to take back the city of Jerusalem.
- caravans
- groups of traders
- Marco Polo
- Italian who lived in China for 17 years. His stories of China made European traders very interested in traveling to China.
- Joan of Arc
- led the Franch in battle against the English.
- serfs
- peasants who worked on the farms of a manor in exchange for a place to live and protection
- Renassaince
- French word meaning "rebirth". An age of great learning and exporation in Europe lasting from 1400 to 1600 A.D.
- printing press
- machine invented by Gutenberg with movable type which made it possible to print books much faster
- caravel
- a ship with a both square and triangular sails that could carry a lot of cargo so explorers could stay out at sea longer
- Columbus
- found San Salvador in 1492, thinking it was India
- Vasco de Gama
- reached Asia by sailing east
- Magellan's crew
- sailed east to reach Asia like Columbus and eventually sailed aaround the world returning to Spain
- conquistadors
- Spanish "conquerors" in search of gold, silver and other treasures from the Americas
- Athens
- a city-state in ancient Greece that valued art, learning and a democratic form of gov't
- Vikings
- men from northern Europe who settled in North America before Columbus's discovery
- Mediterranean Sea
- sea that the peninsulas of Greece and Italy jut into which means "middle of the earth"