European History Chapter 6, Section 5
Terms
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- Joseph Bonaparte
- Napoloen's brother, who Napoleon appointed as the King of Spain in order to keep control over Europe. The appointment backfired and caused resistence in Spain.
- Duke of Wellington
- British General who crushed Napoleon's army in the Battle of Waterloo
- Marie Louise
- An Austrian Princess. Napoleon divorced his wife Josephine and married Marie Louise in order to claim kinship with the royalty of Europe
- scorched earth policy
- The Russians' favorite way of winning a war. To advoid battles with Napoleon, the Russians retreated eastward, burning crops and villages, leaving the French with no food or supplies as they attacked Moscow.
- Waterloo
- Napoleon's final Battle. After returning to the throne for 100 days, his forces were defeated by the British under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington
- Clemens von Metternich
- Prince of Austria, leader of the Congress of Vienna, which wanted to create a lasting balance of power and a stable monarchy
- Quadruple Alliance
- Four way alliance between Britian, Austria, Prussia, and Russia to maintain order in Europe against revolutionaries
- guerrilla warfare
- hit-and-run raids, instead of traditional warfare
- abdicate
- leaving the throne
- legitimacy
- the principle of hereditary monarchy
- What challenges did Napoleon face in Spain?
- Napoleon faced Spanish nationalism. The Spanish were not pleased with the idea of Napoleon replacing their king with his brother Joseph. Spanish created a resistance to drive out the French, and this resistance used guerrilla warfare tatics.
- What challenges did Napoleon face in Austria?
- Encouraged by Spanish resistance, the Austrians also tried to regain their own territory, however Napoleon defeated them a second time and married their princess Marie Louise.
- How did the defeat in Russia lead to Napoleon's downfall?
- The Russian scorched earth policy and the brutal Russian winter destroyed Napoleon's army. Only 10,000 soldiers remained after the Russian campaign. Without his army, Napoleon was a weak leader.
- What were the cheif goals of the Congress of Vienna?
- To create a lasting European peace by restoring a balance of power and restablishing European monarchy