History Chapter 14
Terms
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- How many people came to the United States from European Countries in the 1800's?
- 14-19 million
- How many people moved from farms to factories?
- 9 million
- In the cities, what did people live in?
- tenaments
- Describe the life in the city.
- overcrowded, filthy, no sewage, fire hazards, no waste disposale, lots of disease.
- Why did everyone in the family work?
- the wages were so slow
- At what age did children leave school to work?
- 12
- What were some advantages of having young children working in the mills?
- they were small and could fit in small places, you could hit them, no back talk, you could pay them less
- Why was it incredibly unsafe to work in mills?
- there was no life insurance
- How long was a work week?
- 6-7 days, 12 hours a day.
- Why did people rarely ask for a raise or promotion?
- There was an unlimited supply of workers. There were people who needed a job so bad they would work for very litte.
- Define Piecework.
- being paid for each finished product [cigars]
- What were some disadvantages with piecework?
- if people were old or had arthritis, they were at a disadvantage. they made less product and therefore less money.
- Who dominated Efficiency?
- Fredrick Winslow Taylor: Time & motion studies
- What were some ways to control workers?
- corporal punishment [beat them], fire them
- Fill in the Blanks. Most time efficiency _______ but wages stayed or _______.
- increased, decreased
- What suffered the most with workers?
- their safety
- Conditions of the mill -
- monotonus, boring, sleepy; dangerous
- What was the average # of people killed in mills in 1882?
- 675
- What were common jobs for women?
- sewing machine operators, domestic workers [nannies, cooks, maids]
- Children represented what percent of the work force?
- 5%
- Define Socialism:
- Government owned everything
- Define Scab:
- person who replaced a striking worker.
- Define Anarchist:
- Someone who strongly disbelieved in socialism and government; felt that government limited individuality.
- Define Pinkertons:
- special, undercover, police forced specifically organized to break up or prevent strikes.
- How bad was the average income in Europe compared to in the states?
- 91$ a year compared to $676 a year.
- Who stabbed and shot Frick?
- Alexander Berkman
- After he shot Frick, who did the public believe anarchists sided with?
- the people opposed to the government.