Chapter 2 Key Terms
Terms
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- Colonialism
- The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society. (Ex. European colonialism)
- Colonization
- The physical settlement in a new territory of people from a colonizing state.(Ex. Roman world-empire colonized a territory controlled through a highly developed system of towns and connected roads..Western European cities were Roman settlements)
- Commodity Chain
- Networks of labor and production processes that originate in the extraction of production of raw materials and whose end result is the delivery and consumption of a finished commodity (Ex. Walmart contracts directly with producers in low-wage countries, like China)
- Comparative Advantage
- Places and regions specialize in activities for which they have the greatest advantage in productivity to other regions (agricultural products like cocoa and rubber could not be grown in core countries)
- Core Regions
- Those that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies (Europe, US, UK, Japan)
- Division of Labor
- Specialization of different people, regions, and countries in certain kinds of economic activities (Ex. colonies specializing in production of food stuffs and raw materials)
- Environmental Determinism
- A doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment (physical attributes of geographical settings are the root of physical differences and economic differences & cultural activities)
- Ethnocentrism
- The attitude that one's own race and culture are superior to those of others. (Became a problem as European dominance increased)
- Fast World
- Consists of people, places, and regions directly involved as producers and consumers in transnational industry, modern telecommunications, materialistic consumption, and international news and entertainment (Internet use in North America, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand)
- Hearth areas
- Geographic settings where new practices have developed and from which they have subsequently spread (Middle East: Fertile Crescent, South Asia: Ganges, China: Huang He River, Americas: Mesoamerica)
- Imperialism
- The deliberate exercise of military power and economic influence by powerful states in order to advance and secure their national interests (Japan)
- Import Substitution
- Copying and making goods previously available only by trading (Western Europe became corn region of a world-system- nautical mapmaking, naval artillery, shipbuilding)
- Map Projections
- A systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth's surface
- Minisystem
- A society with a single cultural base and a reciprocal social economy (Each individual specializes in something: tending animals, cooking, making pottery)
- Neocolonialism
- Economic and political strategies by which powerful states in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people (international financial regulations & commercial relations)