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history exam review

Terms

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Reason for Exploration
find allies to fight muslims, expand Christianity, find new trade routes
Eegyptian Georgraphy
upper Egypt is lower egypt, lower egypt is upper Egypt, because the nile river capitol was in lower Kingdom. Located northern Africa near nile river
reasons for growth for medieval population
starting at zero due to plague, reveal population, plague is gone, wiped out so many people, there's more food, land was improved, disease was not as widesprerad
Cathari
beleive there is eternal battel between good and evil, beleive god is evil one, physical part was only evil thing
European growth of trades in the 1100's
prodcue items others needed, marco polo found way to get to asia, decline of industry
Importance of Printing Press
everyone could have there own bible, took 10 years o finally reach Europe, Guttenberg Bible-first bible printed
Reasons for Spanish Inquisition
make more people conver to catholic, defend church from Hersey, integrate people
Ramses II
egypts greatest and most powerful paragraph, at age 14 he was appointed Prince Regent by his father, releases hebrews, has heart hardened by god, ran chariots to dead sea, moses accepted brother
Reasons for Punic Wars
Rome wanted to get Carthige, it was the battles in Sicily and Meditteranen sea were called, Battles between Rome and Carthage, Rome fights Charthage for more land, 2nd War Rome fought for Spain, Rome winds the war, battle over expansion
Heretic
when you beleive in someething other than what the roman catholic beleived. if you admitted to being a heretic you were whipped in front of everyone, if you didn't admit you were toruruted until death or admitted. Someone against church & beleifs
Importaance of the Nile
Longest river in egypt, water foutnain for for people in europe
Hannibal
was sent to help rome, invaded italy but sent all of his troops to carthage
Aristole
student of Plato, concluded order of the universe was God
French Estates-general
clergy, wealthy noble, pheasants-made 90% of population
Julius Ceaser
Military leader, part of 1st Triumvirate, fights in pompey, wins and becomes dictator for life in Rome
Jewish Society at the time of Christ
divided into 4 groups: Sadducees, pharasees, zealots, essences, Jews would'nt fight in military, would'nt worship emperors
Battle of tours
fought in spain, between charles martel and the muslim people, won by charles martel, stopped muslim advance into Europe
Importance of Parliament
keep king in check, helps decision making, represented 4 people, 2 groups; house of commons, house of lords
reasons for decline of Rome
harsh to non-romans, growing number of christians/spread of gospel, decline of roman military, quite joining citizenship, population was too big
5 Pillars of Islam
beleifs in allah and muhammed as prophet, pray 5 times a day, observe month of Ramada, make a pilgramage to mecca once in life, give alms to poor
Great schism
great slit in church, 2 popes at the same time, Urban VI of Itlay and Clement VII, French support clement, English suport Urban. Great council-4 year meeting to solve problem. 3 objectives: end schism, end Hershey, end reform of church. Chose new pope and took all others out. Schism means split or break
Importance of writing
helped communication, good way to record history
Pericles-ruled for 30 years accomplishments
gives salaries to government employees, provided direct democracy to people, created a league of trade
English Reformation
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Charles Martel
best known for winning battle of the tours, called the hammer, led muslims and kept Islam out of Europe
Machiaevelli's "the Prince"
supposed to be first book printed, secular humanists ad "end justifies the means".
Joan of Arc
beleived she heard voices of god telling her Charles VII will be king of france and that she could help
Enslavement of the Hebrews
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William Wallace
fights Edward, son of Henry III, bcause he's trying to take over scotland
Crusades
put up by the catholic church, says anyone whose a Christian who lives or dies will be promised salvation
Alexander the great
king, takes 35,000 troops and defeats persia, dies from alchohol poisoning/high fever, attempted to invade India but never succeeded
Roman Intolerance of Christianity
blamed Christinas for every bad thing that happened to the Romans. Afraid of it being something they could not control
Ostracism
when Athenians got to vote one person off of Greece for 10 years
Humanism
beleives man can solve own issues without anyones help, not Christians, beleives god does'nt need to fix there issues
Babylonian Captivity
taken by baylon
Charlamagne
Pepines son, expands country into central Germany and Southern Italy, wanted everyone to have education, liked writing poetry, named emeror of the Romans, brought arts and education to people, king of Romans
Catholic Reformation
The emergence of a reformed and revived papacy and the council of trent. the council reaffirmed traditonal catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beleifs
Craft Guilds
trading group that develops things to be sold, could'nt sell prodcuts unless you belonged to that guild, had own organization
Pontius Pilate
Roman Governer of Israel when Christ was crusified
Erasmus
Influencial scholar, criticized abuses of church, especially the monks who thought they were superior than anyone else, taugh Christianity should be a guide to daily life and was a great Christian writer
Nero
first emperor to persecure Christians, hand "garden party", have live Christians on stakes burning for light, crucified Paul upsdie down
Boniface VII
went into political war with king phillip from france, said Phillip could'nt tax without popes permission
Renaissance Popes
ones who are more concerned about materials, more than salvation, concerned about artistic renassiance
Michaelanglo
famous for his work "mona lisa" also painted other famous works. Designated architectual system for Systin Chapel, still there today
Prince Henry of Protugal
also knows as prince henry the navigator, developed new ships, paid people to sail them. 3 motives: wanted to make allies with muslims, extended Christianity, acquire new trading partners
Paul
was in prison, stoned, stabbed, beheaded, most important person. Nero Executed him
Feudal System
Vassal gave service to a lord and in return received protection and land
Artistic Renaissance
a period of times where great paintings came out-davinci "the last supper" Rephael-School of Athens
Controversey over lay investure
lords giving bishops and cardinals things, making them vassals, if they are vassals they have to do what the pope says, bishop and king come to agreement: pope still chooses bishop but still has to pay respect to the king
Cortes Invasion of Aztec Empire
cortes comes right at Aztecs, "end of world" prediciton, thought cortes and team was there gods. Montezuma, king of the Aztecs, gives them the throne in city tenochitilian. Revise gold and silver. Tries to convert Christianity. The night of sadness is when cortes looses power of Aztec city
Mercantilism
Economic theory (beleif) that beleives a nation prosperity depends on it's supply of money. volume of trade does'nt change.
Common Law
Law thats common to everyone, no one is above law, everyone is accountable to same law
polytheism
beleive in many gods, not just one, gods are active
Muhammed
concerned poor people were'nt getting enough, so he went to the mountains to meditate, named prophet of god, made the 5 pillars of Islam
Reason for Hundred Years War
battle between English and French. Joan of arc ended it. Edward III wanted to claim French throne in order to prove he had to go to war in French, Edward stated it to prove his claim of throne
location of first civilazation
meopotamia
Jihadi
means holy war, caliph started it, proclaimed religous war against war people who don't beleive in Islam
John Calvin
Forced to flee his conversion to Protestantism, wrote institues of Christian relegion, beleived he was doing gods good work on earth
7 Sacriments
baptism-getting baptized, confirmation-confirm faith, reconciliation-ask for forgiveness, priesthood-guy only virgin, marriage annointing of the sick-priest come and pray, ask god to bless you if your sick, eachrist-signifies body
Magna Carta
the article that defines what a king can and cannot do, limits what he can do, council must approve kings tax, john had to admit he was wrong, can't delay/deny justice
Martin Luther
got caughgt in storm, asked god to spare him. if god spared him he told god he would become a monk. which he did. came to the conclusion that no matter what you do, you will never do enough to merrit salvation, wrote to the Christian nobility of the german nation, beleived he received salvation through faith
5 charactestics of civilizatin
urban revolution, formal, political and milatary strucutre, craftsmen, development of writing, art and intellectual activites
oligarchy
type of government ruled by a group of nobles, miltary state, war originated environment
Causes & Effects of Black Death
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