Ch. 7 French Rev.
Terms
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- What caused great unrest in France?
- bad harvests, high prices, high taxes and Enlightenment ideas
- the social and political system of France
- Old Regime
- Another term for the social classes in France
- Estates
- Who formed the 1st Estate?
- clergy
- Which estate owned 10% of the land in France?
- 1st Estate
- Which estate contributed about 2% of its income to the government?
- 1st Estate
- Who formed the 2nd Estate?
- nobles
- Which estate made 2% of the population?
- 2nd Estate
- Which states owned 20% of the land and paid no taxes?
- 2nd Estate
- Which estate took 97% of the population?
- 3rd Estate
- king of France during the Revolution
- king louis XVI
- queen of France during the Revolution
- Marie Antoinette
- known as Madame Deficit
- Marie Antoinette
- meeting were an assembly of representatives from all 3 estates
- estates-general
- a leading spokesman for the 3rd estate during the national assembly
- Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
- name that Sieyes suggested to call the 3rd Estate
- National Assembly
- what does the national assembly do?
- pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people
- when did they vote to establish the National Assembly?
- June 17, 1789
- what was the first deliberate act of revolution
- establishing the national assembly
- term when they plegde to stay in a tennis court until a new constitution was made
- tennis court oath
- what happened on July 14?
- the fall of Bastille
- a senseless panic that rolled through france
- great fear
- what happened on October 1789?
- women marched on Versailles
- when did noblemen make speeches of liberty and equality?
- August 4, 1789
- document that says "men are born and remain free and equal in rights."
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
- What rights were included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
- liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
- slogan of the revolutionary leaders
- Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
- who was declared an enemy of the revolution and executed on 1793
- Olympe de Gouges
- when did Louis XVI and his family try to escape france and go to Austria?
- June 1791
- What did the National Assembly complete in September 1791
- a new constitution
- What did the new constitution create?
- limited constitutional monarchy
- What body was created by the new constitution?
- Legislative Assembly
- what power did the legislative assembly have?
- create laws and to approve or reject declarations of war
- 3 groups the legislative assembly was divided into
- radicals, moderates, conservatives
- who fled france and wanted to restore the old regime?
- emigres
- known as "those without knee breeches"
- sans-culottes
- when did the legislative assembly declare war on austria and prussia?
- april 1792
- What did the constitution of 1791 say?
- declared the king deposed, dissolved the assembly, and election of a new legislature
- new governing body that took office on September 21
- National Convention
- What did the national convention do?
- abolished the monarchy and declared france a republic
- a radical political organization
- Jacobin Club
- who was one of the most prominent Jacobins?
- jean-paul marat
- what newspaper did marat edit?
- friend of the people
- who was a lawyer and the club's most talented and passionate speaker?
- georges danton
- when was king louis XVI beheadedd by a guillotine?
- January 21, 1793
- when did the convention order a draft of 300,000 french citizens?
- February 1793
- who became leader of the Committee of Public Safety in July 1793?
- Robespierre
- Robespierre's rule was known as...
- the Reign of Terror
- what was the Committee of Public Safety's chief task?
- to protect the revolution from its enemies
- when did the Reign of Terror end?
- July 28, 1794
- How did the Reign of Terror end?
- Robespierre was sent to the guillotine
- new plan for government in 1795
- 2 house legislature and executive body (Directory)
- When & Where was Napoleon born?
- 1769 & corsica
- When was Napoleon the hero of the hour and savior of France?
- October 1795
- Which british admiral defeated Napoleon's army in Egypt?
- Horatio Nelson
- term for "blow to the state"
- coup d etat
- when was europe at peace for the first time in 10 years?
- 1802
- what was known as the vote of the people?
- plebiscite
- Napoleon's first task as a leader
- set up a national banking system
- term for governmen-run public schools
- lycees
- an agreement
- concordat
- this work gave the country a uniform set of laws and eliminated many injustices
- Napoleonic Code
- When did Napoleon decide to make himself emperor?
- December 2, 1804
- what land did napoleon sell to President Jefferson for 15 million in 1803?
- Louisiana Puchase
- battle that took place in 1805 of the coast of Spain
- Battle of Trafalgar
- 2 results of the defeat of the french fleet at the battle of trafalgar
- ensure supremaaacy of the british navy and forced napoleon to forget his plans of invading britain
- whom napoleon remarried after josephine
- marie Louise
- a forcible closing of ports
- blockade
- prevent trade & communication Great Britain and other european nations
- continental system
- Spanish peasant fighters
- guerrillas
- these losses weakened the French Empire
- Peninsular War
- Napoleon's 3 mistakes
- setting a blockade, convincing portugal to the continental system, and invading russia
- involved the burning of grain fields and slaughter livestock to leave the enemy with nothing to eat
- scorched-earth policy
- september 7, 1812
- battly of borodino
- October 1813
- battle of leipzig
- where was napoleon exiled to by the prussia and russia leaders
- elba
- When did napoleon escape from elba?
- March 1, 1815
- the battle of waterloo was led by?
- duke of wellington
- Napoleon's last bid of power
- Hundred Days
- A series of meeting in Vienna
- Congress of Vienna
- goal of the new european order
- collective security and stability for the whole continent
- the 5 great power of the congress of vienna
- prussia, russia, austria, great britain, and france
- most influential among the representatives
- klemens von metternich
- Metternich's 3 goals during the congress of vienna
- prevent french aggression, balance of power, and legitimacy
- no country would over rule others
- balance of power
- rulers whom napoleon had overthrown be restored power
- legitimacy
- signed by the frederick william of prussia and francis I of austria in 1815
- Holy Alliance
- this pledged to base their relations with other nations on Christian principles in order to combat the forces of revolution.
- holy alliance
- series of alliance that ensured nations would help one another if any revolutions broke out
- concert of europe
- colonist born in spanish america
- creoles
- colonists born in spain
- peninsulares
- what did the french revolution change?
- the social attitudes and assumptions
- the social and political system in use in france in the 1770s called the?
- old regime
- a financial crisis, brought on in part by excessive spending and huge gambling losses by ____, resulted in forcing _____ to call the _____into session for the first time in 175 years
- marie antoinette, Louis XVI, estates-general
- Estates General convene at Versailles
- May 5, 1789
- 3rd estate declares itself the national assembly
- june 17, 1789
- Oath of the Tennis Court
- June 20, 1789
- Storming of the Bastille
- July 14, 1789
- The Great Fear in the countryside
- July-Aug. 1789
- National Assembly abolishes feudal privileges
- August 4, 1789
- National assembly issues Declaration of the Rights of Man
- August 27, 1789
- Women march on Versailles and force royal family to return to paris
- August 27, 1789
- National Assembly confisates church lands
- November 1789
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy establishes a national church Louis XVI reluctantly agrees to accept a constitutional monarchy
- July 1790
- Arrest of the royal family while attempting to flee france
- June 1791
- Declaration of Pillnitz by Austria and Prussia
- August 1791
- France declares war on austria
- April 1792
- Parisian mob attacks palace and takes Louis XVI prisoner
- August 1792
- September massacres; National convention declares France a republic and abolishes monarchy
- September 1792
- Execution of Louis XVI
- January 1793
- France declares war on Britain, Holland, and Spain Revolts in provincial cities
- February 1793
- Bitter struggle in the National convention between Girondists and the Mountain
- March 1793
- Robespierre and the Mountain organize the Committee of Public Safety and arrest Girondist leaders
- April-June 1793
- Price Controls to aid the san-culottes and mobilize war effort
- September 1793
- Reign of Terror in Paris and the provinces
- 1793-1794
- French victorious on all fronts
- Spring 1794
- Execution of Robespierre; Thermidorean Reaction begins
- July 1794
- The Directory
- 1795-1799
- End of economic controls and suppressino of the san-culottes
- 1795
- Napoleon defeats Austrian armies in Italy and returns triumphant to..
- 1797
- Austria, Great Britain, and Russia form the 2n Coalition against France
- 1798
- Napoleon overthrow the Directory and seize power
- 1799