ASSTD FUCKING RASMUSSEN TERMS
Terms
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- Unifying traits
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1. Prevalence of Islam and Islamic institutions
2. Predominance of Arabic language
3. Historical, political, and artistic threads that link the various Arab communities - Adhan
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-Islamic call to prayer 5x a day.
-Served a religious purpose and was not considered music - Zajal
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-Introduced by Moorish Spain
-Used the colloquial idiom of the Iberian Peninsula under the Moors - Muwashashah
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-Primarily in classical Arabic and had an elaborate stanzaic form that distinguished it from the classical Arabic poem
-Often uses sproadic colloquialisms and added expressions like LALLI AND AMAN - Takht
- Small instrumental ensemble comprised of an 'ud, qanun, nay, violin, and riqq
- Saltana
- An ecstatic state which they experience before or during a performance and which is directly linked to the modes. The modal ethos overpowers musicians and empowers them to excel.
- Tarab
- An ecstatic feeling evoked by music as a whole; this is the musical emotion that a truly inspired modal performance will produce in a listener.
- Bashraf
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-Ottoman origion
-Metric and precomposed; has a form like a rondo: verse-like passages alternating with a refrain-like component - Sama'i
- More prevalent among Arab performers (also of Ottoman origion). But has a ten-beat pattern for all but the last "verse" Section
- Wasla
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-Egyptian for "stretch" or "connection" of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
-Compound structure abandoned after the 20s.
-Internal flow of the wasla entailed an effective accumulation of creative modal ecstasy - Firqa
- -Larger ensemble including the takht instruments
- Muhammad 'abd al-Wahhab
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-Wrote songs for Umm Kulthum that moved a more vernacular or popular style: short meters and popular sounding melodies.
-His music evolved into cater to mass tastes rather than diehard tarab enthusiasts - Rahbani brothers
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-Musical plays with plots derived from village life and dialogue
-Their music represents familiar modes and metric vocab but has novel sonorities and instrumental blend. - Rahbani instruments
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-Drums like the riqq and the tabla and a lyrical backdrop of strings playing in the well-coordinated, streamlined style of European classical orchestras
-Their songs pay great attention to orchestral detail
-Use romantic ritual imagery, songs in Lebanese colloquial or classical Arabic - Ziyad Rahbani
- -Fayrouz's son, his songs, instrumental pieces, and theatrical works have combined traditional mainstream devices with components of folklore with Western Classical and popular musics/traditional jazz
- Alexander Maloof (CD 2, Trk 1)
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-From Syria; known as a pianist, composer, leader
-Adapted Western techniques and aesthetics to their own cultural repertoire
-Fatima references Western constructs of form, harmony, and orchestration
-Played in Carnegie Hall and welcomed by Einstein - Gebrauchtsmusic
- -Music for use by amateur performers by Maloof for Syrian immigrants by publishing five volumes of original compositions and songs from the homeland for piano performance
- Dulab
- A brief introductory piece that introduces the maqam
- Raks Arabi
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-Arabic Dance
-Oriental style solo dance
-30 years after this recording was made the belly dance that captivated America was in full bloom with Middle Eastern nightclubs
-Eclectic music of these nightclub ensembles was based on prototypes such as this - SAMAI'I
- Sama’i: OF OTTOMAN ORIGIN: More prevalent among Arab performers; its form is similar to that of a bashraf, but it has a ten-beat pattern for all but the last “verse†section
- Taqasim
- Taqasim: Instrumental improvisations
- Mawwal
- mawwal: vocal improvasition on a poetic text sung in colloquial Arabic.
- Layali
- Layali: Improvised vocalization on a few syllables (ya layl usually) usually leading to a mawwal
- Firqah
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DISTINGUISHING FEATURES FROM TAKHT TO FIRQAH:
-Size, makeup and leadership
-Now has a chorus, string basses,
-Not as much part of the cafe culture; just in big concert halls now
-Rise of radio and song-films - Heterophony
- HETEROPHONY: One of various musical textures, heterophony is a kind of complex monophony - there is only one melody, but multiple voices each of which play the melody differently, either in a different rhythm or tempo, with different embellishments and figures, or idiomatically different.
- Samai
- The samai composition demonstrates the 10/8 rhythmic mode
- Mehter
- Ottoman military bands are thought to be the oldest variety of military marching band in the world. Though they are often known by the Persian-derived word mehter (مهتر) in the West, that word, properly speaking, refers only to a single musician in the band. In Ottoman Turkish, the band was generally known as mehterân (مهتران, a plural of mehter), though those bands used in the retinue of a vizier or prince were generally known as mehterhane (مهترخانه, meaning roughly, "a gathering of mehters"). In modern Turkish, the band as a whole is often termed mehter takımı ("group of mehters").
- Davul and Zorna
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The davul is the Turkish name for a type of two-sided frame drum found in the Middle East and Balkan Europe.
-In Turkey, the davul is most commonly played with the zurna, although it can be played with other instruments and in ensembles as well. It has also traditionally been used for communication and for Turkish mehter, or janissary music.