Music History Pages 567-594
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- In what year was the Paris Conservatory founded?
- 1795
- What is the importance of this institution? Paris Conservatory?
- It became the model for national and regional conservatories throughout Europe
- Who was Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)?
- He was a German composer
- Where was Beethoven born?
- In Bonn, Germany
- In what year did Beethoven take up residence in Vienna?
- 1792
- Who were his teachers in Vienna?
- Haydn and Johann Georg Albrechtsberger
- What physical condition led to a crisis around 1802?
- Lost his hearing
- How many symphonies did Beethoven compose?
- 9
- How many concertos?
- 6 (5 piano and 1 violin)
- How many string quartets?
- 16
- How many violin sonatas and violoncello sonatas?
- 15 (10 violin and 5 cello)
- How many piano sonatas?
- 32
- How many operas?
- 1
- How many Masses?
- 1
- Into what chronological periods are Beethoven’s works customarily grouped?
- In three periods. The first is from 1770 to 1802 1802-1814 1815-1827
- For what medium did Beethoven compose a large number of works during the first period?
- Piano works. Sonatas, variations, and shorter works
- What group of string quartets did Beethoven compose in the first period?
- Opus 18 are his first 6 string quartets
- What is one of the reasons why Beethoven wrote so much less music than his predecessors?
- He wasn’t enlisted to anybody. Thus he can write what he wanted to rather than what was assigned to him.
- Which composers’ music was the foundation of Beethoven’s works of the second period?
- Mozart and Haydn
- In which ways did Beethoven’s works of the second period depart from those of his predecessors?
- The way he forms his music is expanded in length
- Which of Beethoven’s works is the first one to fully exemplify his new approach in the middle period?
- Symphony No. 3
- What aspects of Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony made it difficult for some audience members to grasp at the first public performance of the work in 1805?
- It was lengthy and complex
- What is the title of Beethoven’s only opera?
- Fidelio
- What French elements did Beethoven adopt in the opera?
- He borrowed the librettos
- For what play did Beethoven write incidental music of special significance?
- Leonore
- In which two concertos did Beethoven greatly expand the music’s expressive range and dimensions?
- Piano Concerto No. 5 and Violin Concerto in D Major
- Why is Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony called the Pastoral?
- It depicts life in the country
- How many movements does this symphony have?
- 5
- Which two compositions of Beethoven were the only “large public works†of the late period?
- Missa solemnis and the 9th symphony
- How many piano sonatas and how many string quartets did Beethoven compose in the late period?
- 5 of each 10 total
- Which important set of variations for piano did Beethoven compose in the late period?
- Diabelli Variations
- What direction did Beethoven’s music take in his late period moving away from “the urgent sense of communication to a large public†noticeable in his earlier music?
- It went towards more introspective character and the musical language was more concentrated
- In which ways is Beethoven’s “emphasis on continuity†expressed in his late style?
- Blurring divisions between phrases or placing cadences on weak beats
- What type of work did Beethoven’s An die ferne Geliebte inaugurate?
- Song cycle, this work were songs performed in succession that tell or suggest a story.
- What role did imitative counterpoint play in Beethoven’s late works?
- It is a frequent characteristic of his music
- In what way does Beethoven’s Missa solemnis contrast with a Handel oratorio?
- There were no breaks between movements. It was all one piece
- What innovation did Beethoven introduce in his Ninth Symphony?
- Solo voices and chorus in the finale
- In which ways did Beethoven’s role as a composer differ from that of earlier composers?
- He was self employed and his music was self expression