History Vocabulary 2
Terms
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- anthropology
- study of prehistory
- archeology
- study of people and cultures
- Persian Wars
- Persia vs. Greece; Greece won, became dominant in that part ofthe world
- Direct democracy
- everyone participated directly in the governement
- Philosopher
- study concpets, ideas, and explains life through those
- Socrates
- asked them questions intsead of him telling them, because they can self explore and find answer for themselves
- Plato
- wrote book called Republic
- Aristotle
- most gifted of all philosophers, writer, scientist; tudor of Alexander the Great
- Parthanon
- temple for Athena
- Herodotus
- he was "Father of history"; first to record history
- Alexander the Great
- brilliant military stratigist; blending of Greek and Persian culture; died of illness at 32
- assimilate
- cultures blended together
- Hippocrates
- theory that sickness isn't a punishment; actually comes from germs; created hippocratic oath menaing fair to every patient
- Etruscans
- in charge of Rome until 509 b.c.; then became Republic Plebians and Partricians were two groups
- Veto
- to forbid, block laws
- dictator
- someone that takes over by force; individual ruler
- triumvirate
- three man rule-Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey members of first
- imperialism
- practice of estalishing control over foreign lands and people
- ladafundia
- big estates in which many slaves worked
- Julius Caesar
- ambitious military commander; killed on ides of March; Roman dictator, very powerful
- Augustus
- Roman senate declared him ruler of Rome, builllt stable government and allowed cities to have self governement
- Poxromana
- Roman peace, order and proxerity, economy was strong
- Paul
- spread Christianity
- Constantine
- moved captiol of Roman Empire to Byzantium and renemaed it Cnstantinople
- heresy
- un-true teachings about the church
- Augustine
- combine Christian doctrines
- Clovis
- king of franks; introduced CHristianity
- Charles Martel
- defeats Muslims at Battle of Tours allowing CHristianity to continue in Western Europe
- Battle of Tours
- against Muslims, important because islam would have spread through western Europe
- Charlemenge
- set up Micci Dominicci himself, strong belief in education, so sent Alcuin. His son Louis took over and after divided the empire
- Vikings
- invaded
- Feudalism
- system of givernement in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord
- chilvary
- code of conduct, treat woman and children, system of manors
- Secular
- having to do with worldy matters, nonreligious
- papal supremecy
- claim of medieval popes that they had authority over all secular rulers
- excommunication
- exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Chruch law
- interdict
- excommunication of an entire group or town
- friar
- a medevial eurpoean munk who travaled from place to place preaching to the poor
- charter
- written document that set out the rights and privlages of a town
- capital
- money invested in business
- guild
- association of merchants or artisans who coperrated to uphold standards of trade and protect their economic intrest
- apprentice
- young person learning trade from a master
- journeyman
- a salaried worker employed by a guild master
- medieval
- refering to the Middle Ages in Europe, time between ancient and modern times
- franks
- a germanic group that conquered present day France and surrounding lands
- Magyars
- ethnic group centered in present day Hungary
- feudal contract
- an exchange of pledges
- vassel
- a lord was granted one land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord
- manor
- a lord's estate which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands
- fief
- an estate granted by alord to a vassel in exchange for service
- serf
- a peasant bound to the lord's land
- tournamnet
- a mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to display their fighting skills
- William the Conqueror
- became king of England on Christmas day, 1066
- common law
- legal system based on custom and court rulings
- jury
- legal group of people sworn to make a desicion in a legal case
- King John
- signs Magna Carta
- Magna Carta
- Great Chrater by King John; limited royal power and established certain rights for english freeman
- habeas corpus
- principal that a person cannot be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
- Parliament
- the legislature of England and later of Great Britain
- Holy Roman Empire
- empire of west central Europe from 962 to 1806 comprising present-day Germany and neighboring lands
- lay investures
- appontment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy
- Crusades
- a series of wars from the 1000s through 1200s in which Europe Christians tried to win control of the Holy Land from Muslims
- Holy Land
- Jerusalem and other placesin Palestine where Christians believed Jesus lived
- Reconqusita
- during the 1400's, the campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present day Spain
- Inqusttion
- a church court to try people accused of heresey
- scholasticism
- the school of thought that used logic and reason to support Christian belief
- vernacular
- everyday language of ordinary people
- gothic style
- type of European architecture developed in middle ages
- flying butresses
- stone supports on the outside of the building-allowed higher buildings
- illumination
- artistic decoration of books and manuscripts
- epidemic
- outbreak of rapidly spreading disease
- Black Death
- an epidemic of the bubonic plauge that ravaged Europe in 1300s
- schism
- permanent division of the church
- Justinians Code
- collection of laws by Justinian and served as a model for the Catholic church
- Great Schism
- oficial schism of the roman catolic church and Byzantine churches that occur in 1054
- What was the significance of Hammurabi's code?
- TBA:
- What do you think are the most important things we've learned from the Greeks?
- TBA:
- How did both Greece and Rome benefit from their geographic location?
- TBA:
- What positive and negative lessons did we learn from the Romans?
- TBA:
- How did people manage to survive without a strong central governement to help them?
- TBA:
- How was the Cathollic Church so significant in the Middle Ages?
- TBA:
- (early Middle Ages) How did peoples' ideas change about their safety and their need for others?
- TBA:
- How did the church contribute to those feelings?
- TBA:
- What were some high and low points of the Late Middle Ages?
- TBA:
- What were some high points of the Byzantine Empire in arts and learning?
- TBA:
- mary and louis leakey
- anthropologist that started searching for clues to the human past in a deep canyon in Tanzania called Olduvai Gorge
- david johansson
- anthropologist who found additional eveidance of early hominids in 1974
- Siddahartha Gautama
- reformer?, his teachings had spread into asia to become the core belifs of Budhism
- Confucious
- philosopher who spread education to the rich and poor
- Constatine
- ended the persecution of Christians by issuing the edict of mulan which granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman Empire
- Benedict
- founds monatstary and draws up rules for munks and nuns
- Justinian
- rules Byzantine empire
- Mohmammad
- muslim prophet, begins religion of Islam
- Charlemagne
- crowned by Pope Leo III and begins to unite much of Western Europe
- William the Conquerer
- completes the Norman invasion of England
- Pope Urban II
- calls for Crusades
- Pope Innocent III
- tries to stop heresy
- Francis of Assisi
- spread loyalty to Church Universities and spread throughout Europe
- Abraham
- Father if Jewish people; Arabs trace faith back to him
- Mary and Louis Leaky
- found place where archeologists could excabate
- Neolithic Revolution
- change to settling down, instead of nomadic life
- Sparta
- boys began training at age 7 for the war, military strength was important
- Dante
- wrote Divine Comedy
- Chaucer
- wrote Cantrobary Tales