History Exam- page 6
Terms
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- Reason for the Crusades
- "to get land back from the non-Christians"- afraid of loosing power so they wanted to run the other people out of Jerusalem
- Treatment of Enemy, Byzantine Empire and Jews by the Crusaders
- The Jews were massacred, Jerusalem was seiged and all Muslims and Jews were killed.
- Holy Roman Empire- Why was it weak?
- It was weak because the nobles always chose poor rulers
- Long Range Effects of the Crusades
- Cultural Diffusion- they got back literature back from Greece and Rome again. They had statues of people who looked like people, horse harnesses, magnetic compass from China, sailing ships and methods, maps, seige techniques, new weapons, silk and spices. TRADE INCREASED.
- Scholasticism
- This emphasized reason as well as faith and the interpretation of Christian doctrine.
- Urban II 1095
- He was the Pope at the time and in 1095 he calls for the first crusade.
- Education-Universities-Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Pisa
- The took place in rented rooms and were opposed by the church because they taught the teachings of Aristotle and Plato which said the opposite of what the church said. They met on regular schedules and you studied law, medicine, and theologian. There were liberal arts colleges which taught you everything and then you could decide which one you wanted to learn in more detail.
- Three major trade areas in the late middle ages
- Italy- Venice, Pisa, and Genoa brought spices from Asia and Europe; Flanders- on the northern coast on the Rhine River; Champagne, Fr.- first trade took place there
- Richard, PHilip Augustus and Frederick Barbarossa
- Richard- English Leader during the third crusade; Fredrick Barbarossa- German leader
- Seljuk Turks- Jerusalem
- They were Muslims from cental Asia who took Jerusalem. They went into Turkey and when they crossed the Mediterranean they were converted to Islam.
- 1. Ablard and 2. Aquinas
- 1. he wrote Yes and No which talks about religion and logic could combine together; 2. writes Summa theologica which was a summary of religious views and the combination of logic
- Apprentices-journeymen-masters-masterpieces
- To learn a trade you were first an apprentice for no money, then a journeyman who got paid and did the little jobs, then you presented a craft to the guild and if they thought it was good enough, you became a master
- 1. Burgs 2.Bourgeoisie 3.Burgesses 4.Burghers
- 1. medieval town 2. French town person 3. English town person 4. German town person
- Saladin
- The leader of the Muslims in the third crusade and captured Jerusalem in 1187.
- Three Medival improvements of agriculture
- 1. heavier plow; 2. collar harness for horses; 3. three field system
- Describe the bourg in the late middle ages
- There were walls around the cities, all accessible to water, very noisy, no sanitation, diseases spread easily, stores on bottom and houses on the top
- Barter to money economy
- Merchants found bartering impractical.
- Guilds
- Business associations needed to gain a monopoly of the local markets for its members. They only traded within themselves. There were strict rules with prices, wagers, and employment.
- Town Charters
- Charters let people control their own affairs
- Successes of the Crusades? Millitary
- They win one crusade. The very first one.