Chapter 14
Terms
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- Factory System
- a manufactured method for a product(s) that are later used to help in creative inventions and operations; "the world's workshop"
- Isaac SInger
- perfected the sewing machine after Howe invented it and he contributed to northern industrialization
- McCormick's Mower-Reaper
- (1830s) inventor of the mower reaper; it was to western farmers what the cotton gin was to the southern planters; a man could do the work 5 men
- Elias Howe
- invented the sewing machine in 1846 and was later perfected by Isaac Singer which later became the foundation of the clothing industry
- Raplh Waldo Emerson
- he is famous for his lecture essay "Self Reliance" and saying, " Europe stretches to the Alleghenies; America lies beyond"
- Lancaster Turnpike
- (1790s) a broad, hard-surfaced highway that thrust 62 miles westward from Philadelphia to Lancaster; as the drivers approached the tollgate, they were confronted with a barrier of sharp pikes, which turned aside when they paid thier toll
- Ecological Imperialism
- what historians like to call agressive and heedless exploitation of the West's natural bounty
- Rendevous System
- the American fur trappers way of setting their traplines all over the Rocky Mountains; they would journey to the mountains and set camp and wait for the trappers and Indians so that they could trade
- George Caitlin
- a painter and student of Native American life, was among the first Americans to advocate the preservation of nature as a national policy
- Know Nothing Party
- a name that derived from secretiveness and they used to be called the Order of the Star Spangled Banner
- National (Cumberland) Road
- (1811) a highway that stretched from Cumberland in western Maryland to Vandalia in Illnois; the construction was delayed until 1851 due to the fact of the War of 1812 and the issues with all the states rights
- Cult of Domesticity
- a widespread cultural creed that glorified the customary functions of the homemaker; married women commanded immense moral power and they made decisions that often altered the character of the family
- Eli Whitney
- he built the cotton gin which was 50 times more effective than the handpicking process and affected American and World history; helped factories to flourish in the North, giving the Union an advantage
- The Savannah
- the US merchant marine encountered rough sailing during much of the early 19th century; American vessels had been repeatedly laid up by the Embargo, War of 1812, and the Panics of 1819 and 1837; this was a pioneer steamer that crept across the Atlantic in 1819, but it used sail most of the time and was pursued for a day by a British captain who thought it afire
- Samuel Slater
- "Father of the Factory System" he put into operation in 1791 the first efficient American machinery for spinning cotton thread
- Samuel Morse
- inventor of the telegraph and secured from Congress an appropriation of $30,000 to support his experiment with "talking wires"
- Molly Maguires
- the Ancient Orders of Hibernians society started an Irish minors union that rocked the PA coal districts in the 1860s and 1870s
- Commonwealth v. Hunt
- the Supreme Court of Mass. ruled in this case that labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were "honorable and peaceful"; however this enlightened decision did not legalize the strike right away
- Market Economy
- transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce; revolutionary advances in manufacturing and transportation brought increased prosperity to all Americans
- Industrial Revolution
- the totality of the changes in economic and social organization; characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines
- Deere's Steel Plow
- (1837) he produced a steel plow that broke the virgin soil and was light enough to be pulled by horse rather than oxen;
- DeWitt Clinton
- he led New Yorkers in digging the Erie Canal, linking the Great Lakes with the Hudson River; this project was often called "Clinton;s Big Ditch" or "the Govenor's Gutter"
- The Clermont
- a powerful steam engine vessel invented by Robert Fulton later known as Fulton's Folly
- Robert Fulton
- installed a powerful steam engine (that overlapped the turnpike) in a vessel that later became known as the Clermont, dubbed as Fulton's Folly