WW1 vocabulary
Terms
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- War Industries Board
- supervised the nation's industrial production
- Nationalism
- feeling of intense loyalty to one's country or group
- Stalemate
- Term used to describe the deadlock on the western front during the First World War.
- Eastern Front
- fighting on the German-Russian, Austro-Russian, and Austro-Romanian fronts.
- Propaganda
- Information given to show something or someone in a based way.
- Doughboys
- nickname for American troops in Europe
- Central Powers
- WW1 alliance Germany, Austria- Hungary, and the Ottoman empire
- Pacifist
- people who are opposed to war and violence
- National Self Determination
- right of the people to decide how they should be governed
- Blockade
- The isolation of an enemy's ports by means of warships to prevent passage of persons or supplies. To block or prevent the import or export of supplies from a port.
- Shell Shock
- Medical condition caused by prolonged exposure to the distressing experiences of trench warfare.
- Reparations
- Compensation or repayment; compensation payable by a defeated nation for damages sustained by another nation as a result of hostilities.
- Lusitania
- British passenger liner sunk off the coast of Ireland by German u-boats 1915
- Sabotage and Sedition acts
- passed in 1918 made it a crime to say, print, or write almost anything negative about the government
- Trench Warfare
- For of fighting whereby two sides fight each other from opposite trenches.
- Triple Alliance
- pre WW1 alliance between Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary
- Food Administration
- Agency created to encourage farmers to produce more and to persuade the public to eat less; goal was to assure enough food was available for the troops; encourages "Wheatless Mondays" "Meatless Tuesdays" Porkless Thursdays"
- Great Migration
- movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
- Liberty Bonds (war bonds)
- war bond sold to Americans; 2/3 of war budget
- Convoy
- teams of troops, ships or equipment
- Selective Service Act
- established a military draft in the US.
- Balance of power
- system that prevents any one country from dominating the others
- Socialist
- Person who believes in the political theory supporting collective or government ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods.
- Bolshevik
- a group of communists who overthrew the democratic Russian government
- Alliance System
- defense agreement among nations
- Allied Powers
- the coalition formed by Britain and her colonies (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and India), France, and Russia from the Beginning of the war, and later other countries like Belgium, Italy, and the US
- Schlieffen Plan
- A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts.
- Fourteen Points
- the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.
- Neutrality
- the state of not taking sides, especially in a war or dispute.
- Home Front
- The name given to the part of war that was not actively involved in the fighting but which was vital to it.
- Western Front
- the line of trenches which stretched from the English channel across the battle fields of France and Belgium during WW1. West of Germany.
- Triple Entente
- pre WW1 alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia
- Rationing
- a limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use
- Treaty of Versailles
- most famous WW1 treaty; treaty between Germany and the allied powers in which Germany accepted full responsibility for the war and agreed to pay reparation; the US did not ratify the treaty.
- League of Nations
- a union of countries formed in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles to uphold peace, security and promote settlements by arbitration.
- Militarism
- a rise in military expenditure, an increase in military or naval forces, more influence of the military men upon the policies of the civilian government, and a preference for force as a solution to problems.
- U-boats
- German submarine, taken from the German "untersee boat"
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- a signed agreement between Russia and the Central Powers when Russia withdrew from the war. Russia surrendered Poland, the Ukraine and other territory
- Victory Gardens
- backyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables
- Espionage Act
- 1917 act gave the government new ways to spy
- American Expeditionary Force
- American troops in Europe; led by Pershing
- Dissent
- opposition
- Croix de Guerre
- French award from bravery (cross of war); Henry Johnson, an African American soldiers.
- Committee on Public Information
- goal of the committee was to persuade the Americans that they war represented a battle for democracy and freedom.
- Sussex Pledge
- German pledge to warm neutral ships and passenger vessels before attacking
- Armistice Day
- 11, 11, 11, 1918 (11 day of the 11 month of the 11 hour 1918)
- National War Labor Board
- Board created to ensure the production of vital war materials
- Zimmerman Telegram
- January 1917 the British intercepted a telegram from German government to Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the US; offered to return land Mexico lost the US.
- Mobilization
- the gathering of resources and preparation for war
- Four Minute Speeches
- short, patriotic talks given before movies or plays; goal was to gain support for the war and sell liberty bonds