Anth216 Final Exam
Terms
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- Hunger and Work in a Savage Tribe
- book written by Audrey Richards in 1932; focused on food-getting rather than reproduction as perhaps the primary biological need of human beings; primary in shaping social institution; culture, social relationships, rituals, social gathering, roles
- Ferdinand Porsche
- Austrian automotive engineer and race car builder of the 20th cent.; came to U.S. to recruit Americans to build new car (not interested b/c henry ford knew would be fighting against eachother soon); designed the original VW Beetle
- KDF Wagen
- (strength through joy), Nazi Union; designed by Ferdinand Porsche; first VW Beetle; made in 1938; "The people's car"; small, with completely new design
- landscape as an artifact
- biggest artifact that humans manipulate; everything man-made; alter environment; examining landscape provides a look at culture (where live, what used for, how changed it, attitude toward) then look at objects in context; geographic determinism; used when study White's Bog in NJ--cranberry farm; history all determined by place; cultural template
- Ray Kroc
- founded first McDonalds; 1960 first opened in Des Plaines, IL; exclusive distributor of multimixer of milk shakes (five at once); bought out McDonald's brothers' restaurants; don't dine--we eat and run FAST FOOD
- Doyle Dane Bernbach
- founded in 1949; classic ads during VW campaign that "brilliantly exploited in a novel self-effacing manner the benefits of Beetle ownership"; "Think Small"campaign; altered advertising for all time; "ugly"beetle became first successful import car
- Chinese export porcelain
- high end translucent ceramic, chinese in origin and traded to europe and america in the 18th cent. and later
- blueberry bush
- Elizabeth White; production of new product--blueberries--new business selling blueberry bushes; modified economy of NJ Pine Barrens
- Heinz Nordhof
- 20th cent. German engineer famous for leadership of VW company when it was rebuilt after WWII; German rebirth (1945-1960); managing director, turned VW Beetle into a worldwide automotive phenomenon, constant improvements while keeping the style the same; bulletproof reliability
- Rome
- African American community in White's Bog , NJ; existed from late 1920s until 1960s; cranberry and blueberry pickers contrasted with the white settlement of Florence
- experimental archaeology
- part of historical archaeology; different methods, techniques, analyses, approaches used to generate and test hypotheses or make interpretations based on archaeological source material; a living history; go through what others went through ex. Civil War reenactors in Confederates in the Attic
- Happy Meal
- 1979, promote McDonalds as a restaurant for families, espec. those with small children; small portions, small drink; game in small box or bag; fast food meal; first to do so
- Hamburglar
- fictional character of McDonald's campaign; aimed at young children; stole hamburgers that Ronald would rescue; at first very sinister looking older man but changed over years to become less sinister chubby boy, more cartoonish; typology
- wargasm
- Horwitz takes a marathon trek from Antietam to Gettysburg to Appomattox in the company of Robert Lee Hodge, an eccentric pilgrim who dubs their odyssey the "Civil ..."
- Beetle design
- 1937 car design; designed to save money when gas wasn't cheap; streamline; decorative; to cut through air like boat through water; bullet, torpedo; iconic form
- terminus post quem
- used to give approximate date for a text; a datable object provides only the date on or after which the layer of soil that contains it was deposited
- Herbie
- fictional character; VW Beetle; starred in Disney movies 1969 and onwards; symbolizes popularity of beetle; had a mind of its own; "The Love Bug"
- "excellent interpretation"
- Confederates in the Attic; hard core reenactors of Civil War in the south
- social art history
- move beyond physical systems to culture, intellectual; art as function of history; values are time bound and historical; authorship; ideology; art is looked at as a mirror for the attitudes and values of society
- patronage
- the person who commissioned art; supporter of the fine arts; endorse their political ambitions, social positions, and prestige.
- "candystriper"
- name given to McDonald's building design; red and white
- cranberry scoop
- new technology created in 1950s which allowed workers to rake cranberries off the plant without destroying the plant; sped up the process; however, not used by all b/c too expensive and in the early morning when plant were wet it would destroy the plants
- oral history
- interviews with living survivors; adds to context; ADVANTAGES--offer perspectives cannot get from objects or land, obsolete vs. obsolecent, values, relationships, interactions, feelings, thoughts, intangible information, understand construction and usage, first-hand, bring to life; DISADV.--biases, remember only good, demand characteristics, not accurate, difficult remember, small sample, conscious editing, Context, age ex. hand pick cranberries when technology to avoid this
- William and Mary Style
- late 17th cent. to 1720; tall and slender proportions; essential elements--stiles, rails, legs in scroll, spiral shapes, vase/trumpet shaped, elaborate carving, ball feet, elegantly grained surface, walnut and maple, graceful elegant lines, profound effect on american furniture design, decorative; 17th cent.
- Grimace
- 1971; fictional character in McDonald's campaign; at first evil and stole milkshakes then turned into Ronald's friend; well meaning doofus; best pal of RM
- Barry Lopez
- author of Arctic Dreams; brings visions and dreams to object contexts; addressed ecological concerns; worried about the relationship between human culture and the physical landscape (20th cent.)
- J.J. White
- 19th cent.; Quaker farmer; owned largest cranberry farm in NJ at White's Bog; revolutionized farming industry; first dig bogs then cultivate cranberries where grow naturally
- provenance
- context used in all fields; origin of object's production; where was it made?
- a feminist approach to archaeology
- focus on activities and roles of women in the societies being studied; male-dominated field, look at things that were ignored before; such as Jane Spector's approach when studying Indians in Minnesota
- Wolfsburg
- German town; planned by Nazis in order to build town for workers of VW factories; founded 1938; city of KDF car